_.png){kind=logo}
* Corresponding Author
The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in ASEAN
https://doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v1i2.32360 Athiqah Nur Alami(1*)
(1) National University of Singapore
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Studies on gender mainstreaming in Southeast Asia, with its diverse socio-political background of its member states, are still under-explored. This paper examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Meanwhile, the region has shown its considerable economic growth and rapid development of human rights issue in the last decades. The study finds that ASEAN has shown its initiatives across different stages of gender mainstreaming. By the adoption of gender mainstreaming concept, ASEAN has made institutionalization of gender issues and also has produced and implemented extensive gender mainstreaming policies. However, there are constraints on each stage, which mostly are about conforming gender equality agenda to organizational mandates as well as lacks of supporting systems such as data, human resources, and funding. Even though this paper agrees on the long-term nature of gender mainstreaming strategy, the implementation of the strategy in ASEAN should be effectively improved and consistently maintained to fulfill the goals of ASEAN Community.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aasen, B. (2006). Lessons from Evaluations of Women and Gender Equality in Development Cooperation. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research.
African Development Bank (ADB). (2012). Mainstreaming Gender Equality: Operations Evaluation Department. Tunisia: African Development Bank.
Al-Ghozaly, M. N. (2012, 4 December) Whither Women's Rights in ASEAN? The Jakarta Post.
Allwood, G. (2014). Gender Mainstreaming and EU Climate Change Policy, in The Persistent Invisibility of Gender in EU Policy, ed. Elaine Weiner and Heather MacRae, European Integration Online Papers (EioP), Special Issue 1, 18, 6, http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2014-006a.htm, 1-26.
ASEAN Secretariat News. (2013, 23 February). ASEAN SG: Gender Equality should be Central in Achieving ASEAN Community. Retrieved from http://asean.org/asean-sg-gender-equality-should-be-central-in-achieving-asean-community/(8 August 2016).
ASEAN Secretariat. (2015). ASEAN Regional Action Plan of Action on the Elimination of Violence against Women (ASEAN RPA on EVAW). Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
_________. (2013). ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children: Work Plan 2012-2016 and Terms of Reference. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
__________. (2012). ASEAN Committee on Women (ACW) Work Plan (2011-2015). Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.
Barrow, A. (2009). [It's] like a rubber band: Assessing UNSCR 1325 as a Gender Mainstreaming Process. International Journal of Law in Context, 5, 1, 51-68.
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 15 September 1995.
Benschop, Y., & M. Verloo. (2006) Sisyphus' Sisters: Can Gender Mainstreaming Escape the Genderedness of Organizations? Journal of Gender Studies, 15, 1, 2006, 19-33.
Blackburn, S. (2009). Has Gender Analysis Been Mainstreamed in the Study of Southeast Asian Politics, in Gender Trends in Southeast Asia: Women Now, Women in the Future, ed. Theresa W. Devasahayam. Singapore: ISEAS.
Council of Europe. (1998). Gender Mainstreaming: Conceptual Framework, Methodology and Presentation of Good Practices: Final Report of Activities of the Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Davies, M. (2016). Women and Development, Not Gender and Politics: Explaining ASEAN's Failure to Engage with the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. Contemporary Southeast Asia 38, 1, 106–127.
________, et al. (2014). States of Compliance? Global Human Rights Treaties and the ASEAN Member States. Journal of Human Rights, 13, 4, 414–433.
_________. (2013). The ASEAN Synthesis: Human Rights, Non-Intervention, and the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 14, 2, 51–58.
Davies, S.E., K. Nackers., & S. Teitt. (2014). Women, Peace, and Security as an ASEAN Priority. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 68, 3, 333–355.
De Dios, A.J. (2016). ASEAN Initiatives to Promote Gender Equality, 2016, Retrieved from http://www.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/6.1_ASEANInitiatives-AJDEDIOS.pdf (19 October 2016).
Eveline, J., & C. Bacchi. (2009). Obeying Organizational 'Rules of Relevance': Gender Analysis of Policy. Journal of Management and Organization, 15, 5, 556–581.
George, N. (2016). Institutionalising Women, Peace and Security in the Pacific Islands: Gendering the 'Architecture of Entitlements'? International Political Science Review, 37, 3, 375-389.
Hafner-Burton, E. and M.A. Pollack. (2009). Mainstreaming Gender in the European Union: Getting the Incentives Right. Comparative European Politics, 7, 114–138.
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA). (2015). Women in Conflict and Peace. Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
Jha, S., & A. Saxena. (2016). Projected Gender Impact of the ASEAN Economic Community. Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat.
Linton, S. (2008). ASEAN States, Their Reservations to Human Rights Treaties and the Proposed ASEAN Commission on Women and Children. Human Rights Quarterly, 30, 436–493.
Lombardo, E. (2005). Integrating or Setting the Agenda? Gender Mainstreaming in the European Constitution-Making Process. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State, and Society, 12, 3, 412–432.
Mahapatro, M. (2014). Mainstreaming Gender: Shift from Advocacy to Policy. Vision, 18, 4, 309–315.
Mazey, S. (2002). Gender Mainstreaming Strategies in the EU: Delivering on an Agenda. Feminist Legal Studies, 10, 2002, 227–240.
Milward, K., et al. (2015). Gender Mainstreaming Critiques: Signposts or Dead Ends? IDS Bulletin, 46, 4, 75–81.
Mohamad, M. (2002). Towards a Human Rights Regime in Southeast Asia: Charting the Course of State Commitment. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 24, 2, 230–251.
Moser, C., & A. Moser. (2005). Gender Mainstreaming since Beijing: A Review of Success and Limitations in International Institutions, Gender & Development, 13, 2, 11–22.
Mukhopadhyay, M. (2014). Mainstreaming Gender or Reconstituting the Mainstream? Gender Knowledge in Development. Journal of International Development, 26, 356–367.
Parpart, J.L. (2014). Exploring the Transformative Potential of Gender Mainstreaming in International Development Institutions. Journal of International Development, 26, 382–395.
Prasertri, D., et al. (2014). An ASEAN Handbook for Women's Rights Activist. Chiang Mai: Southeast Asia Women's Caucus on Women.
Prugl, E., & A. Lustgarten. (2006). Mainstreaming Gender in International Organizations, in Women and Gender Equity in Development Theory and Practice: Institutions, Resources, and Mobilization, ed. Jane S. Jaquette and Gale Summerfield. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press.
Rao, A., & D. Kelleher. (2005). Is There Life After Gender Mainstreaming? Gender & Development, 13, 2, 57–69.
Razavi, S. (1997). Fitting Gender into Development Institutions, World Development, 25, 7, 1111–1125.
Razavi, S., & C. Miller. (1995). Gender Mainstreaming: A Study of Efforts by the UNDP, the World Bank, and the ILO to Institutionalize Gender Issues. UNRISD Occasional Paper 4.
Statement of Secretary-General of ASEAN at the Gender Mainstreaming Training in Jakarta on 13 February 2013.
True, J., & L. Parisi. (2013). Gender Mainstreaming Strategies in International Governance, in Feminist Strategies in International Governance, ed. Gulay Caglar, Elisabeth Prugl, and Susanne Zwingel. London: Routledge.
United Nations. (1997). Report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997, A/52/3, 18 September 1997.
Walby, S. (2005). Gender Mainstreaming: Productive Tensions in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Gender Gap Report 2014. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v1i2.32360
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 8559
| 
views : 5490
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Athiqah Nur Alami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.