@article{Yan2014,
abstract = {Drought and high salinity are two major environmental factors that significantly limit the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. WRKY transcription factors play essential roles in the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. However, WRKY genes involved in drought and salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are largely unknown. Here, a group IId WRKY gene, GhWRKY17, was isolated and characterized. GhWRKY17 was found to be induced after exposure to drought, salt, H2O2 and ABA. The constitutive expression of GhWRKY17 in Nicotiana benthamiana remarkably reduced plant tolerance to drought and salt stress, as determined through physiological analyses of the germination rate, root growth, survival rate, leaf water loss and Chl content. GhWRKY17 transgenic plants were observed to be more sensitive to ABA-mediated seed germination and root growth. However, overexpressing GhWRKY17 in N. benthamiana impaired ABA-induced stomatal closure. Furthermore, we found that GhWRKY17 modulated the increased sensitivity of plants to drought by reducing the level of ABA, and transcript levels of ABA-inducible genes, including AREB, DREB, NCED, ERD and LEA, were clearly repressed under drought and salt stress conditions. Consistent with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced proline contents and enzyme activities, elevated electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde, and lower expression of ROS-scavenging genes, including APX, CAT and SOD, the GhWRKY17 transgenic plants exhibited reduced tolerance to oxidative stress compared with wild-type plants. These results therefore indicate that GhWRKY17 responds to drought and salt stress through ABA signaling and the regulation of cellular ROS production in plants.},
author = {Yan, Huiru and Jia, Haihong and Chen, Xiaobo and Hao, Lili and An, Hailong and Guo, Xingqi},
doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcu133},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Yan et al., 2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14719053},
journal = {Plant and Cell Physiology},
keywords = {ABA signaling,Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum),Drought and salt stress,ROS,WRKY transcription factor},
number = {12},
pages = {2060--2076},
title = {{The cotton WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY17 functions in drought and salt stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana through aba signaling and the modulation of reactive oxygen species production}},
volume = {55},
year = {2014}
}
@article{KementrianPerdagangan2016,
author = {indonesian ministry of Agriculture, The},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/The Indonesian Mnistry of Agriculture, 2015.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Indonesia Ministry of Agriculture},
keywords = {Afsari,Astri Ridha,Mudya Dewi,Yanuarti},
pages = {59},
title = {{Statistik Produksi Hortikultura 2014}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Taylor2001,
abstract = {Prominent models of face perception posit that the encoding of social categories begins after initial structural encoding has completed. In contrast, we hypothesized that social category encoding may occur simultaneously with structural encoding. While event-related potentials were recorded, participants categorized the sex of sex-typical and sex-atypical faces. Results indicated that the face-sensitive right N170, a component involved in structural encoding, was larger for sex-typical relative to sex-atypical faces. Moreover, its amplitude predicted the efficiency of sex-category judgments. The right P1 component also peaked earlier for sex-typical faces. These findings show that social category encoding and the extraction of lower-level face information operate in parallel, suggesting that they may be accomplished by a single dynamic process rather than two separate mechanisms.},
author = {Taylor, Jane E and Whitelaw, Catherine A},
doi = {10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283320d54},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/taylor2001.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1473-558X (Electronic)$\backslash$r1473-558X (Linking)},
issn = {0959-4965 1473-558X},
journal = {New Phytologist},
keywords = {abscission,auxin,cell separation,dehiscence,ethylene,gene,polygalacturonase,signalling},
number = {127},
pages = {323--339},
pmid = {19864961},
title = {{Signals in abscission}},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Cai2017,
abstract = {Main conclusion: We cloned and characterized theZmWRKY17gene from maize. Overexpression ofZmWRKY17inArabidopsisled to increased sensitivity to salt stress and decreased ABA sensitivity through regulating the expression of some ABA- and stress-responsive genes. The WRKY transcription factors have been reported to function as positive or negative regulators in many different biological processes including plant development, defense regulation and stress response. This study isolated a maize WRKY gene, ZmWRKY17, and characterized its role in tolerance to salt stress by generating transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Expression of the ZmWRKY17 was up-regulated by drought, salt and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. ZmWRKY17 was localized in the nucleus with no transcriptional activation in yeast. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed that ZmWRKY17 can specifically bind to W-box, and it can activate W-box-dependent transcription in planta. Heterologous overexpression of ZmWRKY17 in Arabidopsis remarkably reduced plant tolerance to salt stress, as determined through physiological analyses of the cotyledons greening rate, root growth, relative electrical leakage and malondialdehyde content. Additionally, ZmWRKY17 transgenic plants showed decreased sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and early seedling growth. Transgenic plants accumulated higher content of ABA than wild-type (WT) plants under NaCl condition. Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that some stress-related genes in transgenic seedlings showed lower expression level than that in the WT when treated with NaCl. Taken together, these results suggest that ZmWRKY17 may act as a negative regulator involved in the salt stress responses through ABA signalling.},
author = {Cai, Ronghao and Dai, Wei and Zhang, Congsheng and Wang, Yan and Wu, Min and Zhao, Yang and Ma, Qing and Xiang, Yan and Cheng, Beijiu},
doi = {10.1007/s00425-017-2766-9},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Cai et al.,.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0123456789},
issn = {14322048},
journal = {Planta},
keywords = {ABA,Maize,RNA-seq,Salt stress,WRKY transcription factor,ZmWRKY17},
number = {6},
pages = {1215--1231},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
title = {{The maize WRKY transcription factor ZmWRKY17 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants}},
volume = {246},
year = {2017}
}
@article{EmamiBistgani2017,
abstract = {Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield of oil and secondary metabolites in Thymus. The interactive effects of foliar application of chitosan and drought stress on dry matter, essential oil yield, and selected physiological characteristics including photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment, and lipid peroxidation of Thymus were investigated in a two-year study from 2014 to 2015. Treatments consisted of 0, 200, and 400 $\mu$L L− 1 chitosan applied to plants grown under field capacity, mild drought stress (50{\%} field capacity), and severe drought stress (25{\%} field capacity). Dry matter yield decreased substantially as drought stress intensified. However, essential oil content increased under stress conditions, with the highest essential oil yield obtained from plants under mild drought stress. Foliar application of chitosan compensated to some extent for dry matter and oil yield reduction of plants grown under drought stress. The highest essential oil yield (1.52 g plant− 1) was obtained by application of 400 $\mu$L L− 1chitosan under the mild stress condition in 2015 when plants were mature. The compensatory effect of chitosan in reducing the negative impact of stress conditions on dry matter and oil yield was due mainly to stimulation of osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and reduction of lipid peroxidase level, which increased the integrity of cell membranes of thyme leaves.},
author = {{Emami Bistgani}, Zohreh and Siadat, Seyed Ataollah and Bakhshandeh, Abdolmehdi and {Ghasemi Pirbalouti}, Abdollah and Hashemi, Masoud},
doi = {10.1016/j.cj.2017.04.003},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Bistgani et al., 2017.pdf:pdf},
issn = {22145141},
journal = {Crop Journal},
keywords = {Chitosan,Drought stress,Essential oil yield,Osmotic adjustment,Thymus daenensis},
number = {5},
pages = {407--415},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2017.04.003},
volume = {5},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Tudela1992,
abstract = {The effect of water stress and subsequent rehydration on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, ACC synthase activity, ethylene production, and leaf abscission was studied in Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort, ex Tan.) seedlings. Leaf abscission occurred when drought-stressed plants were allowed to rehydrate, whereas no abscission was observed in plants under water stress conditions. In roots of water-stressed plants, a high ACC accumulation and an increase in ACC synthase activity were observed. Neither increase in ACC content nor significant ethylene production were detected in leaves of water-stressed plants. After rehydration, a sharp rise in ACC content and ethylene production was observed in leaves of water-stressed plants. Content of ACC in xylem fluid was 10-fold higher in plants rehydrated for 2 h after water stress than in nonstressed plants. Leaf abscission induced by rehydration after drought stress was inhibited when roots or shoots were treated before water stress with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA, inhibitor of ACC synthase) or cobalt ion (inhibitor of ethylene-forming enzyme), respectively. However, AOA treatments to shoots did not suppress leaf abscission. The data indicate that water stress promotes ACC synthesis in roots of Cleopatra mandarin seedlings. Rehydration of plants results in ACC transport to the shoots, where it is oxidized to ethylene. Subsequently, this ethylene induces leaf abscission.},
author = {Tudela, Darius and Primo-Millo, Eduardo},
doi = {10.1104/pp.100.1.131},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/tudela1992.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00320889},
journal = {Plant Physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {131--137},
title = {{1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid transported from roots to shoots promotes leaf abscission in cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort, ex tan.) seedlings rehydrated after water stress}},
volume = {100},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Salachna2014,
abstract = {The research was aimed at determining the influence of chitosan with different molecular weights on the growth and yield of flowers and corms of 'Gompey' freesia cultivated in pots. Freesia corms were soaked for 20 minutes in 0.5{\%} chitosan solutions with low molecular weight (2 kDa), medium molecular weight (50 kDa) and high molecular weight (970 kDa). The average deacetylation level of the chitosans used was 85{\%}. The plants were cultivated under controlled conditions (18/16°C day/ night, relative air humidity of 60{\%}, quantum irradiance of 90 $\mu$mol{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}s-1 with a light/dark cycle of 14/8 hours). The research results obtained have shown that chitosan is used as a biostimulator in the cultivation of potted freesia. Regardless of the molecular weight of the compound, the chitosan-treated plants had more leaves and shoots, flowered earlier, formed more flowers and corms. The application of medium- and high-molecular-weight chitosan resulted in higher plants with a higher relative chlorophyll content (SPAD). The highest increase in the corm weight was observed as a result of treating plants with high-molecular-weight chitosan. No chitosan influence on the length of the main inflorescence shoot or the inflorescence length was observed.},
author = {Salachna, Piotr and Zawadzi{\'{n}}ska, Agnieszka},
doi = {10.12911/22998993.1110223},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Salachna {\_} Zawadzinska, 2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {22998993},
journal = {Journal of Ecological Engineering},
keywords = {Ecological polymer,Freesia,Molecular weight,Plant-growth enhancer},
number = {3},
pages = {97--102},
title = {{Effect of chitosan on plant growth, flowering and corms yield of potted freesia}},
volume = {15},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Scarlet2013,
abstract = {Predicting the binding mode of flexible polypeptides to proteins is an important task that falls outside the domain of applicability of most small molecule and protein−protein docking tools. Here, we test the small molecule flexible ligand docking program Glide on a set of 19 non-$\alpha$-helical peptides and systematically improve pose prediction accuracy by enhancing Glide sampling for flexible polypeptides. In addition, scoring of the poses was improved by post-processing with physics-based implicit solvent MM- GBSA calculations. Using the best RMSD among the top 10 scoring poses as a metric, the success rate (RMSD ≤ 2.0 {\AA} for the interface backbone atoms) increased from 21{\%} with default Glide SP settings to 58{\%} with the enhanced peptide sampling and scoring protocol in the case of redocking to the native protein structure. This approaches the accuracy of the recently developed Rosetta FlexPepDock method (63{\%} success for these 19 peptides) while being over 100 times faster. Cross-docking was performed for a subset of cases where an unbound receptor structure was available, and in that case, 40{\%} of peptides were docked successfully. We analyze the results and find that the optimized polypeptide protocol is most accurate for extended peptides of limited size and number of formal charges, defining a domain of applicability for this approach.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {indonesian ministry of Agriculture, The},
doi = {10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/The Indonesian Mnistry of Agriculture, 2016.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9788578110796},
issn = {1098-6596},
journal = {Indonesia Ministry of Agriculture},
keywords = {icle},
number = {9},
pages = {1689--1699},
pmid = {25246403},
title = {{Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Sub Sektor Hortikultura : Cabai}},
volume = {53},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Wasternack2014,
abstract = {Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds acting as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development. The JA co-receptor complex and several enzymes of JA biosynthesis have been crystallized, and various JA signal transduction pathways including cross-talk to most of the plant hormones have been intensively studied. Defense to herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens are mediated by JA. Other environmental cues mediated by JA are light, seasonal and circadian rhythms, cold stress, desiccation stress, salt stress and UV stress. During development growth inhibition of roots, shoots and leaves occur by JA, whereas seed germination and flower development are partially affected by its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). Based on these numerous JA mediated signal transduction pathways active in plant stress responses and development, there is an increasing interest in horticultural and biotechnological applications. Intercropping, the mixed growth of two or more crops, mycorrhization of plants, establishment of induced resistance, priming of plants for enhanced insect resistance as well as pre- and post-harvest application of JA are few examples. Additional sources for horticultural improvement, where JAs might be involved, are defense against nematodes, biocontrol by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, altered composition of rhizosphere bacterial community, sustained balance between growth and defense, and improved plant immunity in intercropping systems. Finally, biotechnological application for JA-induced production of pharmaceuticals and application of JAs as anti-cancer agents were intensively studied. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Wasternack, Claus},
doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.009},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/wasternack2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {07349750},
journal = {Biotechnology Advances},
keywords = {12-oxo-phytodienoic acid,Anti-cancer activity,Intercropping,JA-induced secondary metabolite production,Jasmonic acid,Mycorrhiza,Necrotrophic pathogens,Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria},
number = {1},
pages = {31--39},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Action of jasmonates in plant stress responses and development - Applied aspects}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.009},
volume = {32},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Yan2015,
abstract = {WRKY proteins constitute transcriptional regulators involved in various biological processes, especially in coping with diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, in contrast to other well-characterized WRKY groups, the functions of group III WRKY transcription factors are poorly understood in the economically important crop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). In this study, a group III WRKY gene from cotton, GhWRKY27a, was isolated and characterized. Our data indicated that GhWRKY27a localized to the nucleus and that GhWRKY27a expression could be strongly induced by abiotic stresses, pathogen infection, and multiple defense-related signaling molecules. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhWRKY27a enhanced tolerance to drought stress in cotton. In contrast, GhWRKY27a overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana markedly reduced plant tolerance to drought stress, as determined through physiological analyses of leaf water loss, survival rates, and the stomatal aperture. This susceptibility was coupled with reduced stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid and decreased expression of stress-related genes. In addition, GhWRKY27a-overexpressing plants exhibited reduced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani infection, mainly demonstrated by the transgenic lines exhibiting more severe disease symptoms, accompanied by attenuated expression of defense-related genes in N. benthamiana. Taken together, these findings indicated that GhWRKY27a functions in negative responses to drought tolerance and in resistance to R. solani infection.},
author = {Yan, Yan and Jia, Haihong and Wang, Fang and Wang, Chen and Liu, Shuchang and Guo, Xingqi},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2015.00265},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Yan et al., 2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1664042X},
journal = {Frontiers in Physiology},
keywords = {Abscisic acid,Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum),Drought stress,Rhizoctonia solani infection,VIGS,WRKY transcription factor},
number = {SEP},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{Overexpression of GhWRKY27a reduces tolerance to drought stress and resistance to Rhizoctonia solani infection in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana}},
volume = {6},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Jiang2016,
abstract = {The activation of both the SA and JA/ETsignalling pathways may lead to more efficient general and broad resistance to Pst DC3000 by non-pathogenic rhizobacteria. However, the mechanisms that govern this simultaneous activation are unclear. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, two transcription factors, WRKY11 and WRKY70, were identified as important regulators involved in Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) triggered by Bacillus cereus AR156. The results revealed that AR156 treatment significantly stimulated the transcription of WRKY70, but suppressed that of WRKY11 in Arabidopsis leaves. Furthermore, they were shown to be required for AR156 enhancing the activation of cellular defence responses and the transcription level of the plant defence response gene. Overexpression of the two transcription factors in Arabidopsis also showed that they were essential for AR156 to elicit ISR. AR156-triggered ISR was completely abolished in the double mutant of the two transcription factors, but still partially retained in the single mutants, indicating that the regulation of the two transcription factors depend on two different pathways. The target genes of the two transcription factors and epistasis analysis suggested that WRKY11 regulated AR156-triggered ISR through activating the JA signalling pathway, and WRKY70 regulated the ISR through activating the SA signalling pathway. In addition, both WRKY11 and WRKY70 modulated AR156-triggered ISR in a NPR1-dependent manner. In conclusion, WRKY11 and WRKY70 played an important role in regulating the signalling transduction pathways involved in AR156-triggered ISR. This study is the first to illustrate the mechanism by which a single rhizobacterium elicits ISR by simultaneously activating both the SA and JA/ET signalling pathways.},
author = {Jiang, Chun Hao and Huang, Zi Yang and Xie, Ping and Gu, Chun and Li, Ke and Wang, Da Chen and Yu, Yi Yang and Fan, Zhi Hang and Wang, Chun Juan and Wang, Yun Peng and Guo, Ya Hui and Guo, Jian Hua},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erv445},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Jiang et al., 2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14602431},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Botany},
keywords = {Arabidopsis,Bacillus cereus (AR156),Biocontrol,Induced systemic resistance (ISR),Signalling pathway,Transcription factors},
number = {1},
pages = {157--174},
title = {{Transcription factors WRKY70 and WRKY11 served as regulators in rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156-induced systemic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis}},
volume = {67},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Phukan2016,
abstract = {Plants in their natural habitat have to face multiple stresses simultaneously. Evolutionary adaptation of developmental, physiological, and biochemical parameters give advantage over a single window of stress but not multiple. On the other hand transcription factors like WRKY can regulate diverse responses through a complicated network of genes. So molecular orchestration of WRKYs in plant may provide the most anticipated outcome of simultaneous multiple responses. Activation or repression through W-box and W-box like sequences is regulated at transcriptional, translational, and domain level. Because of the tight regulation involved in specific recognition and binding of WRKYs to downstream promoters, they have become promising candidate for crop improvement. Epigenetic, retrograde and proteasome mediated regulation enable WRKYs to attain the dynamic cellular homeostatic reprograming. Overexpression of several WRKYs face the paradox of having several beneficial affects but with some unwanted traits. These overexpression-associated undesirable phenotypes need to be identified and removed for proper growth, development and yeild. Taken together, we have highlighted the diverse regulation and multiple stress response of WRKYs in plants along with the future prospects in this field of research.},
author = {Phukan, Ujjal J. and Jeena, Gajendra S. and Shukla, Rakesh K.},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2016.00760},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Phukan et al., 2016.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1664462X},
journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
keywords = {Multiple response,Proteasome-mediated degradation,Retrograde signaling,WRKY},
number = {JUNE2016},
pages = {1--14},
pmid = {27375634},
title = {{WRKY transcription factors: Molecular regulation and stress responses in plants}},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Phimchan2012,
abstract = {Capsaicinoids are the alkaloids in hot pepper that cause the sensation of heat when eaten and are affected by a genetic and environment interaction. Drought stress is well recognized as an environmental condition that influences capsaicinoid accumulation. This investigation identified the responses of capsaicinoid accumulation in hot pepper cultivars under drought stress condition. A total of nine cultivars with a different initial pungency level, i.e., low,medium, and high, was subjected to gradual drought stress during the flowering stage. Plants in this drought stress group were supplied with reduced water applications of 25{\%}, 50{\%}, and 75{\%}by volume at 10, 20, and 30 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Leaf water potential and relative water content were recorded to measure the level of drought stress. The results indicated that all cultivars were subjected to drought stress because of their decrease in leaf water potential and changes in physiological characteristics, e.g., growth and yield performance. In addition, leaf area and shoot-toroot ratio were good criteria for identifying hot pepper cultivars under drought stress because their responses were correlated with the stress level and yield components. Yield performances of the high pungency group did not decrease under drought stress, whereas those of the low pungency group did decrease. In conclusion, capsaicinoid levels increased for all cultivars studiedwhen subjected to drought stress, except for the cultivars in the high pungency group. A yield response under drought stress for the medium pungency group varied and was not found to be associated with drought stress.},
author = {Phimchan, Paongpetch and Techawongstien, Suchila and Chanthai, Saksit and Bosland, Paul W.},
doi = {10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1204},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Phimchan et al, 2012.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00185345},
journal = {HortScience},
keywords = {Capsaicin,Dihydrocapsaicin,Leaf area,Leaf water potential,Pungency,Varieties,Water-stress},
number = {9},
pages = {1204--1209},
title = {{Impact of drought stress on the accumulation of capsaicinoids in capsicum cultivars with different initial capsaicinoid levels}},
volume = {47},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sun2015,
abstract = {Key message: AtWRKY53 is an early factor in drought response and activated expression of AtWRKY53 regulates stomatal movement via reduction of H2O2content and promotion of starch metabolism in guard cells. Abstract: Drought is one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in plants remain unclear. AtWRKY53 belongs to the group III of WRKY transcription factors. In this study, we observed both the mRNA and protein products of this gene are rapidly induced under drought conditions. Phenotypic analysis showed AtWRKY53 overexpression lines were hypersensitive to drought stress compared with Col-0 plants. The results of stomatal movement assays and abscisic acid (ABA) content detection indicated that the impaired stomatal closure of 53OV lines was independent of ABA. Further analysis found that WRKY53 regulated stomatal movement via reducing the H2O2 content and promoting the starch metabolism in guard cells. The results of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR showed that the expression levels of CAT2, CAT3 and QQS were up-regulated in 53OV lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AtWRKY53 can directly bind to the QQS promoter sequences, thus led to increased starch metabolism. In summary, our results indicated that the activated expression of AtWRKY53 inhibited stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 content and facilitated stomatal opening by promoting starch degradation.},
author = {Sun, Yiding and Yu, Diqiu},
doi = {10.1007/s00299-015-1787-8},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Sun and Yu, 2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {07217714},
journal = {Plant Cell Reports},
keywords = {Abscisic acid,AtWRKY53,Drought stress,Stomatal movement,Transcription factor},
number = {8},
pages = {1295--1306},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
title = {{Activated expression of AtWRKY53 negatively regulates drought tolerance by mediating stomatal movement}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1787-8},
volume = {34},
year = {2015}
}
@book{Sumarni2005,
address = {Bandung},
author = {Sumarni, Nani and Muharam, Agus},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/sumarni 2005.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9798304403},
pages = {34},
publisher = {BALITSA},
title = {{Budidaya Tanaman Cabai Merah}},
url = {http://balitsa.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/images/isi{\_}monografi/M-38 Panduan Teknis Budidaya Cabai.pdf},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Livak2001,
abstract = {The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control. The 2-$\Delta$$\Delta$CT method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2-$\Delta$$\Delta$CT method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2-$\Delta$$\Delta$CT method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. {\textcopyright} 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).},
author = {Livak, Kenneth J. and Schmittgen, Thomas D.},
doi = {10.1006/meth.2001.1262},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Livak {\_} Schmittgen, 2001.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10462023},
journal = {Methods},
keywords = {Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Relative quantification,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,Taq Man.},
number = {4},
pages = {402--408},
pmid = {11846609},
title = {{Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-$\Delta$$\Delta$CT method}},
volume = {25},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Pichyangkura2015,
abstract = {Chitosan is formed from chitin, a co-polymer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucosamine, when over 80{\%} of the acetyl groups of the N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues are removed. Chitosan-based materials exhibit various interesting properties, which make them applicable in many fields, including agriculture, where they are used as biostimulants. Chitosan induces several defensive genes in plants, such as pathogenesis-related genes, like glucanase and chitinase. It also induces many enzymes in the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. The signal transduction pathway from chitosan that elicits its responses involves hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide signals, and it may also directly control gene expression by interacting with chromatin. Chitosan has been used both as a biostimulant to stimulate plant growth, and abiotic stress tolerance, and as to induce pathogen resistance; however, these responses are complex and they depend on different chitosan-based structures and concentrations as well as the plant species and developmental stage. This review gathers information on chitosan provided by recent research, especially when it is used as plant biostimulant in horticulture.},
author = {Pichyangkura, Rath and Chadchawan, Supachitra},
doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.031},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Pichyangkura {\_} Chadchawan, 2015.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03044238},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
keywords = {Chitosan,Defense,Growth,Hydrogen peroxide,Stress},
pages = {49--65},
title = {{Biostimulant activity of chitosan in horticulture}},
volume = {196},
year = {2015}
}
@misc{.2007,
abstract = {Drought is one of the important factors limiting crop productivity in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world. A study was conducted using four watering regime (daily watering as control, 3, 7 and 14 day Watering Interval) to simulate drought condition. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block design with three replications on the research field of Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Zaria. Mean comparison of agronomic traits indicated trait responsiveness to different water regime and duration of water stress. Fruit yield reduced from 1.37 t ha-1 under control to 0.01 under severe drought. Yield and yield components are most affected by drought; 99{\%} yield loss followed by 88{\%} reduction in no. of fruits, 79{\%} reduction in No. of flower buds and an increase of 81{\%} in floral abortion under severe drought was obtained. Drought tolerance indices; Tolerance Index (TI), Mean Productivity (MP) and percent Injury ({\%}I) were calculated and used in formulation of screening and selection criteria for drought tolerance in pepper.},
author = {Showemimo and Olarewaju},
booktitle = {International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics},
doi = {10.3923/ijpbg.2007.29.33},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Showemimo, F. A., and Olarewaju, J. D., 2007.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18193595},
number = {1},
pages = {29--33},
title = {{Drought Tolerance Indices in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)}},
volume = {1},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Sung2005,
abstract = {"Hungariana," "Beauty Zest," and "Home Flavor" hot pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) were grown with an ample or a limited water supply. The fruits of plants in the water deficit treatment were small, had a proportionally heavier placenta and had a higher concentration of capsaicin. The concentration of capsaicin in the placenta of "Beauty Zest" fruits in the water deficit treatment began to increase rapidly 10 days after flowering (DAF). It reached a maximum 30 days DAF and was 3.84-fold higher than in the placenta of control treatment plants. In the pericarp, the concentration of capsaicin reached a maximum 50 days DAF and was 4.52-fold higher than in the control treatment. In "Hungariana" fruits, the concentration of capsaicin in the placenta was not significantly different among treatments. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity was higher in the placenta of "Beauty Zest" fruits in the water deficit treatment than in the fruits of control plants 50 DAF. In 40 or 50 DAF, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H) activity was higher in plants subjected to the water deficit treatment than in control plants. In both treatments, C4H activity in placenta was 1.4 to 1.5-fold greater than in the pericarp 40 DAF. Capsaicinoid synthetase (CS) activity 40 DAF was 1.45 to 1.58-fold higher in fruits in the water deficit treatment than in fruits in the control treatment. Although peroxidase activity was lower in plants in the water deficit treatment than in the control treatment, the difference was not significant.},
author = {Sung, Yu and Chang, Yu Yun and Ting, Ni Lun},
doi = {10.7016/BBAS.200501.0035},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Sung et al., 2005.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00068063},
journal = {Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica},
keywords = {Capsaicin,Hot pepper,Pungency,Water treatment},
number = {1},
pages = {35--42},
title = {{Capsaicin biosynthesis in water-stressed hot pepper fruits}},
volume = {46},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Mondal2013,
abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years under sub-tropical condition (24°75' N and 90°50' E) during the period from December to April, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, to investigate the effect of foliar application of chitosan (a growth promoter), on morphological, growth, yield attributes and seed yield of maize plants. The experiment comprised five levels of chitosan concentrations viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm. The chitosan was sprayed three times of 35, 50 and 65 days after sowing. Results revealed that foliar application of chitosan at early growth stages improved the morphological (plant height, leaf number plant-1, leaf length and breadth, leaf area plant-1), physiological (total dry mass plant-1, absolute growth rate and harvest index) parameters and yield components thereby increased seed yield of maize. The highest seed yield was recorded in 100 and 125 ppm of chitosan in maize. Therefore, foliar application of chitosan at 100 ppm may be used at early growth stage for getting maximum seed yield in maize.},
author = {Mondal, M. M.A. and Puteh, A. B. and Dafader, N. C. and Rafii, M. Y. and Malek, M. A.},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Mondal et al., 2012.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14590263},
journal = {Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment},
keywords = {Chitosan,Growth,Maize,Yield},
number = {2},
pages = {520--523},
title = {{Foliar application of chitosan improves growth and yield in maize}},
volume = {11},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Hayata2002,
author = {{Ohta K, Morishita S, Suda K, Kobayashi N}, Hosoki T},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Ohta et al., 2003.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Horticultular Science},
number = {43},
pages = {2091},
title = {{Effects of chitosan soil mixture treatment in the seedling stage on the growth and flowering of several ornament plants}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com/research/geology-volcanic-history-eruptive-style-yakedake-volcano-group-central-japan/},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Khan2014,
abstract = {We investigated the influence of endophytic fungal association (Penicillium resedanum LK6) on the growth, yield and capsaicin biosynthesis of Capsicum annuum L. under drought stress. Exposure to drought stress for three weeks retarded the growth of non-inoculated control plants by significantly reducing shoot length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, flower number and pepper fruit yield. Conversely, the active association of endophyte with host-plants significantly increased these plant growth and yield parameters. The drought-induced oxidative stress was pronounced in control plants. This was revealed by the increased production of superoxide anions and reduced activities of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase in control plants as compared to plants with endophytic-symbiosis. The capsaicin content in pepper fruit was significantly higher in endophyte-associated plants than control under drought. The capsaicin biosynthesis-related mRNA expressions of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and Capsaicin synthase were two-fold higher in endophyte-infected plants than control under drought stress. Fungal endophytes increased host-plant growth and its yield during stress by activating the essential constituents of phenylpropanoid pathways. This indicates that increased synthesis of secondary metabolites can increase plant's abiotic stress tolerance. {\textcopyright} 2014.},
author = {Khan, Abdul Latif and Shin, Jae Ho and Jung, Hee Young and Lee, In Jung},
doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.008},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Khan et al., 2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03044238},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
keywords = {Biosynthesis oxidative stress,Capsaicin,Drought stress,Penicillium resedanum LK6},
pages = {167--173},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Regulations of capsaicin synthesis in Capsicum annuum L. by Penicillium resedanum LK6 during drought conditions}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.008},
volume = {175},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Lee1999,
abstract = {Stomatal opening provides access to inner leaf tissues for many plant pathogens, so narrowing stomatal apertures may be advantageous for plant defense. We investigated how guard cells respond to elicitors that can be generated from cell walls of plants or pathogens during pathogen infection. The effect of oligogalacturonic acid (OGA), a degradation product of the plant cell wall, and chitosan ($\beta$-1,4-linked glucosamine), a component of the fungal cell wall, on stomatal movements were examined in leaf epidermis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and Commelina communis L. These elicitors reduced the size of the stomatal aperture. OGA not only inhibited light-induced stomatal opening, but also accelerated stomatal closing in both species; chitosan inhibited light-induced stomatal opening in tomato epidermis. The effects of OGA and chitosan were suppressed when EGTA, catalase, or ascorbic acid was present in the medium, suggesting that Ca2+ and H2O2 mediate the elicitor-induced decrease of stomatal apertures. We show that the H2O2 that is involved in this process is produced by guard cells in response to elicitors. Our results suggest that guard cells infected by pathogens may close their stomata via a pathway involving H2O2 production, thus interfering with the continuous invasion of pathogens through the stomatal pores.},
author = {Lee, Sumin and Choi, Hyunjung and Suh, Sujeoung and Doo, In Suk and Oh, Ki Young and Choi, Eun Jeong and {Schroeder Taylor}, Ann T. and Low, Philip S. and Lee, Youngsook},
doi = {10.1104/pp.121.1.147},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/lee et al., 1999.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00320889},
journal = {Plant Physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {147--152},
title = {{Oligogalacturonic acid and chitosan reduce stomatal aperture by inducing the evolution of reactive oxygen species from guard cells of tomato and Commelina communis}},
volume = {121},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Malekpoor2016,
abstract = {Plants show morphological and physiological responses to microbial, physical or chemical factors which are known as elicitors. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer modified from chitin, which is the main structural component of squid pens, cell walls of some fungi and crab shells. Water deficit stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects plant physiological and morphological traits. To evaluate the effect of chitosan on morphology and physiology characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted at Shahrekord, south-western Iran. Treatments comprised control, 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 g/l chitosan applied to plants under normal irrigation, and slight and mild drought stress. Drought stress decreased the content of photosynthetic pigments and growth parameters. Foliar- Applied chitosan, in particular 0.4 g/l increased plant growth under stressed or non-stressed conditions compared withuntreated plants. In conclusion, it is suggested that chitosan could be used to reduce the harmful effect of water deficit on the growth of basil plants.},
author = {Malekpoor, F. and Pirbalouti, A. Ghasemi and Salimi, A.},
doi = {10.5958/2348-7542.2016.00060.7},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/malekpoor.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09723226},
journal = {Research on Crops},
keywords = {Chitosan,Growth,Ocimum basilicum,Water deficit stress},
number = {2},
pages = {354--359},
title = {{Effect of foliar application of chitosan on morphological and physiological characteristics of basil under reduced irrigation}},
volume = {17},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Niu2012,
abstract = {WRKY-type transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and stress response. WRKY genes have been found to be responsive to abiotic stresses; however, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown especially in crops. Here, we identified stress-responsive WRKY genes from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and studied their functions in stress tolerance. Forty-three putative TaWRKY genes were identified and two multiple stress-induced genes, TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19, were further characterized. TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19 are nuclear proteins, and displayed specific binding to typical cis-element W box. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaWRKY2 exhibited salt and drought tolerance compared with controls. Overexpression of TaWRKY19 conferred tolerance to salt, drought and freezing stresses in transgenic plants. TaWRKY2 enhanced expressions of STZ and RD29B, and bound to their promoters. TaWRKY19 activated expressions of DREB2A, RD29A, RD29B and Cor6.6, and bound to DREB2A and Cor6.6 promoters. The two TaWRKY proteins may regulate the downstream genes through direct binding to the gene promoter or via indirect mechanism. Manipulation of TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19 in wheat or other crops should improve their performance under various abiotic stress conditions. WRKY-type transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Their roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown especially in crops. Here, we find that TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19 from wheat play differential roles in abiotic stress tolerance through activation of different downstream genes. {\textcopyright} 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
author = {Niu, Can Fang and Wei, Wei and Zhou, Qi Yun and Tian, Ai Guo and Hao, Yu Jun and Zhang, Wan Ke and Ma, Biao and Lin, Qing and Zhang, Z. B. and Zhang, Jin Song and Chen, Shou Yi},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02480.x},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Niu et al, 2012.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01407791},
journal = {Plant, Cell and Environment},
keywords = {TaWRKY,Transcription factor,Transgenic plants},
number = {6},
pages = {1156--1170},
title = {{Wheat WRKY genes TaWRKY2 and TaWRKY19 regulate abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants}},
volume = {35},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Duriat2007,
address = {Bandung},
author = {Duriat, Ati and Gunaeni, Neni and Wulandari, Astri},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Duriat et al.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9789798304552},
pages = {52},
publisher = {BALITSA},
title = {{Penyakit Penting Tanaman Cabai dan Pengendaliannya}},
year = {2007}
}
@phdthesis{Fibriyanti2008,
author = {Fibriyanti, Armita},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Fibriyani.pdf:pdf},
school = {Institut Pertanian Bogor},
title = {{Pengaruh filter cahaya dan media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas penampilan tanaman}},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Dorji2005,
abstract = {We compared two water-saving irrigation practices, deficit irrigation (DI) and partial rootzone drying (PRD), for their effects on growth and quality of 'Ancho St. Luis' hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The treatments were: commercial irrigation (CI) considered as the control, irrigating both sides of the rootzone with half of the volume of CI considered as DI, and alternating irrigation between two sides of the rootzone with half the volume of CI at each irrigation time considered as PRD. Midday leaf water potentials of PRD and DI plants were lower by 0.15 and 0.30 MPa, respectively, than of CI plants from 130 days after sowing. Total fresh mass of fruit was reduced by 19 and 34.7{\%} in PRD and DI, respectively, compared to CI. Fruit number per plant was reduced by more than 20{\%} in PRD and DI compared to CI. Total dry mass of fruit was similar among the treatments. At harvest, DI fruit had 21{\%} higher total soluble solids concentration and better colour development than other treatments. Although incidence of blossom-end rot was high in PRD and DI fruit, more than 80{\%} of fruit from PRD was not affected. DI and PRD saved 170 and 164 l of water, respectively, compared to CI and they could be feasible irrigation strategies for hot pepper production where the benefit from saving water outweighs the decrease in total fresh mass of fruit. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Dorji, K. and Behboudian, M. H. and Zegbe-Dom{\'{i}}nguez, J. A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.scienta.2004.08.015},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Dorji et al., 2005.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03044238},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
keywords = {Blossom-end rot,Dry mass distribution,Plant water relations,Water conservation},
number = {2},
pages = {137--149},
title = {{Water relations, growth, yield, and fruit quality of hot pepper under deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying}},
volume = {104},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Ding2014,
abstract = {Summary Although seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait, its molecular basis is poorly understood. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) plays an essential role in the establishment of seed dormancy. Here, we show that the lack of a seed-expressed WRKY transcription factor, WRKY41, confers reduced primary seed dormancy and thermoinhibition, phenotypes resembling those for a lack of ABI3. Loss-of-function abi3-17 and wrky41 alleles also both confer reduced sensitivity to ABA during germination and early seedling growth. Absence of WRKY41 decreases ABI3 transcript abundance in maturing and imbibed seeds, whereas transgenically overexpressing WRKY41 increases ABI3 expression. Moreover, transgenic overexpression of ABI3 completely restores seed dormancy phenotypes on wrky41. ChIP-qPCR and EMSA reveal that WRKY41 binds directly to the ABI3 promoter through three adjacent W-boxes, and a transactivation assay indicates that these W-boxes are essential for ABI3 expression. Whilst RT-qPCR analysis shows that the regulation of ABI3 by WRKY41 is not through ABA and other factors known to promote ABI3 transcription during seed maturation and germination, we also show that high concentrations of ABA might promote negative feedback regulation of WRKY41 expression. Finally, analysis of the wrky41 aba2 double mutant confirms that WRKY41 and ABA collaboratively regulate ABI3 expression and seed dormancy. In summary, our results demonstrate that WRKY41 is an important regulator of ABI3 expression, and hence of seed dormancy. {\textcopyright} 2014 The Authors The Plant Journal {\textcopyright} 2014 John Wiley {\&} Sons Ltd.},
author = {Ding, Zhong Jie and Yan, Jing Ying and Li, Gui Xin and Wu, Zhong Chang and Zhang, Shu Qun and Zheng, Shao Jian},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.12597},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Ding et al., 2014.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1365313X},
journal = {Plant Journal},
keywords = {Abscisic acid,Arabidopsis thaliana,Seed dormancy,Transcription factor,WRKY},
number = {5},
pages = {810--823},
title = {{WRKY41 controls Arabidopsis seed dormancy via direct regulation of ABI3 transcript levels not downstream of ABA}},
volume = {79},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Esyanti2019,
abstract = {Phytophthora capsici is one of the primary pathogens causing a global problem of severe losses in chilli production. The use of conventional fertilisers and fungicides to improve chilli production had been shown to elevate environmental and health issues. Hence, the foliar application of chitosan, natural deacylated chitin, to enhance growth and resistance in chilli pepper plants was investigated. The chilli plants were grown for 14 days before receiving chitosan application and 33 days before Phytophthora infection, physiological parameters were recorded during the growth period, and expression of resistance related genes was quantified at 72 hours after infection. Our results showed that physiological parameters, such as increment of height and leaves number, and chlorophyll content indicated an improved growth process in chitosan treated plants compared to the control. Plant resistance to Phytophthora infection was also investigated following chitosan application to highly (CM334), moderately (LABA), weakly (LADO) resistant and susceptible (15080) cultivars. The disease incidence and severity indices were reduced in chitosan-treated plants, except in highly and moderately resistant cultivars. Further, expression was also quantified for defence-related genes, including 9-lipoxygenase (CaLOX), Ca2+-bound calmodulin 1 (CaCaM1), receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase (CaPIK), Pto-interacting1 (CaPTI1) and resistance gene analogue 2 (CaRGA2). The results suggest that CaLOX, CaPTI1 and CaRGA2 genes were involved in defence mechanism to Phytophthora, with increased expression during infection. However, expression levels were reduced when Phytophthora infection was coupled with foliar chitosan application, indicating that chitosan may play a direct role in decreasing the pathogenicity of Phytophthora. In conclusion, this study suggests the promising role of chitosan as an alternative to conventional fertiliser and fungicide in chilli pepper plant.},
author = {Esyanti, Rizkita Rachmi and Dwivany, Fenny Martha and Mahani, Soraya and Nugrahapraja, Husna and Meitha, Karlia},
doi = {10.21475/ajcs.19.13.01.p1169},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Esyanti et al., 2019.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18352707},
journal = {Australian Journal of Crop Science},
keywords = {And CaRGA2,CaLOX,CaPTI1,Chitosan,Phytophthora capsici},
number = {1},
pages = {55--60},
title = {{Foliar application of chitosan enhances growth and modulates expression of defense genes in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)}},
volume = {13},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Dzung2011,
abstract = {Effects of chitosan and chitosan oligomer solutions on biophysical characteristics, growth, development and drought resistance of coffee have been investigated. The experiments which involved spraying chitosan and chitosan oligomer onto the leaves of coffee were conducted in a greenhouse and in the field. The concentration of chitosan and chitosan oligomer solution used was 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm. Obtained results showed that chitosan oligomer enhanced strongly the content of chlorophylls and carotenoid in the leaves of coffee seedlings up to 46.38-73.51{\%} compared to the greenhouse control. Application of chitosan oligomers also increased mineral uptake of coffee and stimulated the growth of coffee seedlings. Spraying chitosan oligomers with concentration of 60 ppm increased the height of the coffee seedlings up to 33.51{\%}, in the stem diameter up to 30.77{\%} and the leaf in area by up to 60.53{\%}. In addition application of chitosan oligomers reduced by 9.5-25.1{\%} transpiration of the leaves at 60 and 120 min. Therefore the application of chitosan oligomer could be a good way of increasing the drought resistance of coffee seedlings. Application of chitosan oligomer in field conditions increased content of total chlorophylls up to 15.36{\%} compared to the control. Application of chitosan oligomers also enhanced mineral uptake of coffee by 9.49{\%} N; 11.76{\%} P; 0.98{\%} K; 18.75{\%} Mg; 3.77{\%} Ca and decreased 15.25{\%} the rate of fallen fruits compared to the control, contributed to increasing yield and developing sustainable production of coffee in Vietnam. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Dzung, Nguyen Anh and Khanh, Vo Thi Phuong and Dzung, Tran Trung},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.066},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Dzung et al., 2011.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01448617},
journal = {Carbohydrate Polymers},
keywords = {Chitosan,Chitosan oligomer,Chlorophyll,Coffee,Drought resistance},
number = {2},
pages = {751--755},
title = {{Research on impact of chitosan oligomers on biophysical characteristics, growth, development and drought resistance of coffee}},
volume = {84},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Iriti2009,
abstract = {Chitosan (CHT) is a natural compound able to activate the plant own defence machinery against pathogen attacks and to reduce both transpiration and stomatal opening when applied as foliar spray. The data here reported show that CHT-induced antitranspirant activity in bean plants is mediated by ABA, whose level raised over threefold in treated leaves, 24 h after foliar spraying. This is thought to induce partial stomatal closure via a H2O2-mediated process, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histo-cytochemistry, and, in turn, a decrease of stomatal conductance to water vapor (Gw) and transpiration rate (E), assessed by gas exchange measurements. The relatively high internal CO2 concentration (Ci) values, suggest the occurrence of a slight decrease in carboxylation efficiency after CHT treatment, which however did not prevail over stomatal limitations. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of CHT treated plants was not statistically different from controls and the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PSII was not affected. Moreover, CHT determined a stimulation of the xanthophyll cycle towards de-epoxidation state. On the whole, these results, besides confirming the effectiveness of CHT in reducing plant transpiration, prove that the mechanism underlying this activity differs from that showed by the commercial antitranspirant Vapor Gard{\textregistered} (VP). In fact, the efficacy of the latter is based on the formation of a thin antitranspirant film over the leaf and not on the reduction of stomatal opening. Finally, suggestions for possible use of the two antitranspirants in different environmental conditions are discussed. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Iriti, Marcello and Picchi, Valentina and Rossoni, Mara and Gomarasca, Stefano and Ludwig, Nicola and Gargano, Marco and Faoro, Franco},
doi = {10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.01.004},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Iriti et al., 2009.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0250316781},
issn = {00988472},
journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany},
keywords = {Abscisic acid,Antitranspirant,Chitosan,Stomatal conductance,Vapor Gard,Water use efficiency},
number = {3},
pages = {493--500},
title = {{Chitosan antitranspirant activity is due to abscisic acid-dependent stomatal closure}},
volume = {66},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Him2015,
author = {Him, Thouraya R and Radhouane, Leila},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Him {\_} Redhaune, 2015.pdf:pdf},
number = {2},
pages = {159--167},
title = {{Growth and yield responses of two Tunisian pepper ( Capsicum annuum L .) varieties to salinity and drought stress}},
volume = {14},
year = {2015}
}
@article{LE2011,
abstract = {World population is growing at an alarming rate and is anticipated to reach about six billion by the end of year 2050. On the other hand, agricultural productivity is not increasing at a required rate to keep up with the food demand. The reasons for this are water shortages, depleting soil fertility and mainly various abiotic stresses. The fast pace at which developments and novel findings that are recently taking place in the cutting edge areas of molecular biology and basic genetics, have reinforced and augmented the efficiency of science outputs in dealing with plant abiotic stresses. In depth understanding of the stresses and their effects on plants is of paramount importance to evolve effective strategies to counter them. This book is broadly dived into sections on the stresses, their mechanisms and tolerance, genetics and adaptation, and focuses on the mechanic aspects in addition to touching some adaptation features. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the nature of abiotic stress in plants. We attempted here to present a judicious mixture of outlooks in order to interest workers in all areas of plant sciences.},
author = {{Arve LE, Torre S, olsen JE}, Tanino KK},
doi = {10.5772/24661},
file = {:D$\backslash$:/Referensi Publikasi - IJBiotech/Arve et al.,.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Abiotic Stress in Plants - Mechanisms and Adaptations},
title = {{Stomatal Responses to Drought Stress and Air Humidity}},
year = {2011}
}