Strategi Mengatasi Aksesibilitas Destinasi Pulau Kecil Dengan Penyesuaian Segmentasi Wisatawan Kepulauan Riau
Mohammad Rachmadian Narotama(1*), Saduddin Saduddin(2), Sarah Auliya Furjatullah(3)
(1) Program Studi Pariwisata Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Pusat Studi Transportasi dan Logistik, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Magister Sistem Teknik Transportasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
A prevalent challenge encountered by small islands pertains to accessibility. Nevertheless, numerous ostensibly isolated islands attract a substantial number of tourists. This article examines the relationship between accessibility and tourism development on small islands to understand the two better. Qualitative data collection methods were utilized for this study, including in-depth interviews, the collection of pertinent secondary data, and field observations. Following analysis, the collected data were presented in a comparative descriptive fashion. A discussion of the island approach (islands and archipelagos) is undertaken to comprehend the interconnections between minor islands and other locations within the larger region. Field research indicates that despite possessing the aesthetic appeal of beaches and sea, many small islands still need to exploit their tourism potential fully. This is primarily due to the exorbitant transportation expenses for domestic visitors and the need for adequate tourism infrastructure, including resorts and hotels of international caliber catering to affluent-class tourists (middle and above). Conversely, despite being classified as remote islands, the Riau Archipelago maintains strong diplomatic relations with neighboring nations. It can attract international visitors for cultural tourism, beach activities, and scuba diving. Small islands may benefit from a strategy targeting affluent classes and foreign tourists. In order to develop the tourist experience on small islands by expectations, it is necessary to enhance tourism infrastructure and services for tourists and tourism investors as a result of targeting the tourist segment.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdinagoro, S. B., & Hamsal, M. (2019). Challenges and Development of Small Islands Tourism in Indonesia: Study on Four Indonesia’S Island Destinations. Core.Ac.Uk, August, 7–9.
Adeoti T, Fantini C, Morgan G, O’, C. S., & Regan N. (2020). Infrastructure for Small Island Developing States The role of infrastructure in enabling sustainable, resilient and inclusive development in SIDS.
Anderson, S. N. (2020). The impact of fixed link projects to islands on accessibility and population development. NTNU.
Azzopardi, J. G. (2015). Solving problems, the island way: human resourcefulness in action among the islanders of Gozo. Island Studies Journal, 10(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.321
Bachtiar, J. C. U. (2020). Ecotourism in Seafront Resorts for Future TOD Development in Small Island (Case Study: Gili Air, NTB). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 532(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/532/1/012014
Baldacchino, G. (2012a). GETTING WET: A Response to Hayward’s Concept of Aquapelagos. Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures, 6(1), 22–26.
Baldacchino, G. (2012b). Islands and despots. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 50(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2012.642119
Baldacchino, G. (2012c). The Lure of the island: A spatial analysis of power relations. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 1(2), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.003
Baldacchino, G. (2013). Island landscapes and European culture: An ‘island studies’ perspective. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 2(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2013.04.001
Bertram, G. (2006). Introduction: The MIRAB model in the twenty-first century. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2006.00296.x
BPS. (2021). Natuna dalam angka 2021.
Castanho, R. A., Behradfar, A., Vulevic, A., & Naranjo Gómez, J. M. (2020). Analyzing Transportation Sustainability in the Canary Islands Archipelago. Infrastructures, 5(58). https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5070058
Clark, E. (2013). Financialization, sustainability and the right to the island: A critique of acronym models of island development. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 2(2), 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2013.10.001
Conkling, P. (2007). On islanders and islandness. Geographical Review, 97(2), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2007.tb00398.x
Dawson, H. (2012). Archaeology, Aquapelagos and Island Studies. The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures, 6(1), 17–21.
Deloughrey, E. M. (2013). The myth of isolates: Ecosystem ecologies in the nuclear Pacific. Cultural Geographies, 20(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474012463664
DIVE Magazine. (2018, June 25). The best dives in Malaysia. Dive Magazine. https://divemagazine.com/scuba-diving-travel/best-dives-in-malaysia
Doyle, L., & Brady, A. (2019). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(5), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119880234
Dumbaugh, E., Li, Y., Saha, D., & Marshall, W. (2022). Why do lower-income areas experience worse road safety outcomes? Examining the role of the built environment in Orange County, Florida. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100696
Grydehøj, A. (2018). Islands as legible geographies: Perceiving the islandness of Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland). Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21463/jmic.2018.07.1.01
Grydehøj, A., & Casagrande, M. (2020). Islands of connectivity: Archipelago relationality and transport infrastructure in Venice Lagoon. Area, 52(1), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12529
Hall, C. M. (2015). Island, Islandness, Vulnerability and Resilience. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2012.11081703
Hampton, M. P., & Jeyacheya, J. (2013). Tourism and Inclusive Growth in Small Island Developing States. Commonwealth Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.14217/9781848591653-en
Hampton, M. P., & Jeyacheya, J. (2020). Tourism-Dependent Small Islands, Inclusive Growth, and the Blue Economy. One Earth, 2(1), 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ONEEAR.2019.12.017
Hatziioannidu, F., & Polydoropoulou, A. (2022). Identifying passenger preferences for alternative ferry transport hubs. Research in Transportation Economics, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2022.101221
Hay, P. (2006). A Phenomenology of Islands The Ambiguous Construction of Islands: Towards a Coherent Nissology? In Island Studies Journal (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Hayward, P. (2012a). Aquapelagos and Aquapelagic Assemblages. Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures, 6(1), 1–11.
Hayward, P. (2012b). The Constitution of Assemblages and the Aquapelagality of Haida Gwaii. Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures, 6(2), 1–14.
Hayward, P. (2015). The Aquapelago and the Estuarine City: Reflections on Manhattan. Urban Island Studies, 1(2015), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.20958/uis.2015.5
Hayward, P. (2018). Salt marsh synthesis: local politics, local identity perception and autonomy initiative on Canvey Island (Essex, UK). Island Studies Journal, 13(1), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.22
Herrschel, T. (2012). Regionalisation and Marginalisation: Bridging old and new divisioins in regional governance. In M. Danson & P. De Souza (Eds.), Regional development in Northern Europe: Peripherality, marginality and border issues. Regional Studies Association.
Herstanti, G., Suhud, U., & Wibowo, S. F. (2014). Three modified models to predict intention of Indonesian tourists to revisit Sydney. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(25), 2222–2839.
Hong, G. (2020). Islands of enclavisation: Eco-cultural island tourism and the relational geographies of near-shore islands. In Area (Vol. 52, Issue 1, pp. 47–55). https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12521
Jones, O., & Denning, L. (2018). Views over the Sound. Imagining (Northern) Isles as grounds for narratives of becoming non-modern. In Visual culture in the Northern British archipelago: imagining islands. Routledge.
Khadaroo, A. J., & Seetanah, B. (2007). Research note: Does transport infrastructure matter in overall tourism development? Evidence from a sample of island economies. Tourism Economics, 13(4), 675–684.
Kurniawan, F., Adrianto, L., Bengen, D. G., & Prasetyo, L. B. (2016). Vulnerability assessment of small islands to tourism: The case of the Marine Tourism Park of the Gili Matra Islands, Indonesia. Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.04.001
Lambert, V. a., & Lambert, C. E. (2013). Qualitative Descriptive Research: An Acceptable Design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255–256.
Lee, S.-H. H., Huang, W.-H. H., & Grydehøj, A. (2017). Relational geography of a border island: local development and compensatory destruction on Lieyu, Taiwan. Island Studies Journal, 12(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.33
Lestari, F., Kim, K., Adiwibowo, A., Octaviani, D. F., Fisher, M., & Yamashita, E. (2023). Improving Service Coverage and Response Times for Three-Wheeled Mobile Fire Units on Pari Island, Indonesia. In Transportation Research Record (Vol. 2677, Issue 1, pp. 682–693). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221101031
Leung, A., Tanko, M., Burke, M., & Shui, C. S. (2017). Bridges, tunnels, and ferries: Connectivity, transport, and the future of Hong Kong’s outlying islands. Island Studies Journal, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.24
Liasidou, S., Garanti, Z., & Pipyros, K. (2022). Air transportation and tourism interactions and actions for competitive destinations: the case of Cyprus. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(5), 470–480. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-07-2022-0079
Lohmann, G., & Duval, D. T. (2011). Critical aspects of the tourism-transport relationship. In C. Cooper (Ed.), Contemporary tourism review. Goodgellow Publishers.
Mafrudoh, L., Gultom, S., Pratiwi, S. W., & Widiyanto, P. (2017). The Accessibility of Transportation to Support Tourism in the Municipality of Mentawai Islands. Advances in Engineering Research, 17(Grost), 1–266.
Maguigad, V., King, D., & Cottrell, A. (2015). Political Ecology, Island Tourism Planning, and Climate Change Adaptation on Boracay, Philippines. Urban Island Studies, 1(1), 152–179. https://doi.org/10.20958/uis.2015.9
Mazzola, F., Cirà, A., Ruggieri, G., & Butler, R. (2022). Air transport and tourism flows to islands: A panel analysis for southern European countries. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2527
McCall, G. (1996). Clearing confusion in a disembedded world: The case for nissology. Geographische Zeitschrift, 84(2), 74–85.
McElroy, J. L., & Parry, C. E. (2010). The Characteristics of Small Island Tourist Economies. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(4), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.11
Mestanza-Ramón, C., Anfuso, G., Chica-Ruiz, J. A., Mooser, A., Botero, C. M., & Pranzini, E. (2020). Coastal scenic evaluation of continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human impacts and management issues. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(6), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060468
Mountz, A. (2015). Political geography II: Islands and archipelagos. Progress in Human Geography, 39(5), 636–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132514560958
Narotama, M. R. (2021). Governing Archipelagos on Their Terms: a Case Study of the Riau Islands. E3S Web of Conferences, 324(Macific 2021). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132406002
Özgit, H., & Uludağ, O. (2022). A unique destination and transportation: current issues and possible solutions. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(4), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2022-0034
Péron, F., Peron, F., & Péron, F. (2004). THE CONTEMPORARY LURE OF THE ISLAND. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 95(3), 326–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2004.00311.x
Pons, A., Salamanca, O. R., & Murray, I. (2014). Tourism capitalism and island urbanization: Tourist accommodation diffusion in the Balearics, 1936-2010. Island Studies Journal, 9(2).
Prinsen, G., & Blaise, S. (2017). An emerging ‘Islandian’ sovereignty of non-self-governing islands. International Journal, 72(1), 56–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702017693260
Pugh, J. (2013). Island movements: Thinking with the Archipelago. Island Studies Journal, 8(1).
Reis, A. C. (2016). Island studies and tourism: Diversifying perspectives. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358415615244
Richardson, P. B. (2016). Beyond the nation and into the state: identity, belonging, and the ‘hyper-border’. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12116
Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The Geography of Transport Systems. The Geography of Transport Systems. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429346323
Stratford, E. (2010). Local Environment The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability Flows and boundaries: small island discourses and the challenge of sustainability, community and local environments. Local Environment, 8(5), 495–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354983032000143653
Stratford, E. (2013). The Idea of the Archipelago: Contemplating Island Relations. In Island Studies Journal (Vol. 8, Issue 1).
Stupalo, V., Joli, N., & Skoibui, M. (2013). Overview of Intermodal Liner Passenger Connections within Croatian Seaports. In Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation (pp. 217–222). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b14960-38
Suwa, C. (2012). Shima and Aquapelagic Assemblages: A Commentary from Japan. In The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures (Vol. 6, Issue 1).
Thompson, L. (2017). Heuristic geographies: territories and areas, islands and archipelagos. In Archipelagic American Studies.
Trianasari, N., Andayani, N. L. H., & Nugraha, I. G. P. (2019). Exploring The Transportation Service for Tourists: A Strategic Issue of Small Island Tourism in Nusa Penida. 69(Teams 2018), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.2991/teams-18.2019.19
Vannini, P., & Taggart, J. (2013). Doing islandness: a non-representational approach to an island’s sense of place. Cultural Geographies, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474011428098
Veenendaal, W. (2020). Islands of democracy. Area, 52(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12462
Vítová, P., Harmáček, J., & Opršal, Z. (2019). Determinants of tourism flows in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Island Studies Journal, 14(2), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.90
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajts.v5i1.90293
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 5396 | views : 8489Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
Print ISSN: 2621-9522 | Online ISSN: 2621-9948
Copyright © 2024 Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies, Office of Journal & Publishing, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada