Terapi sel punca pada penyakit Parkinson
Sili Putri Adisti(1*), Subagya Subagya(2), Samekto Wibowo(3)
(1) KSM Saraf, RSUD Wonosari Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
(2) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Stem cells therapy is one of exciting potential for Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment because of the superiority for replacing dopamine (DA) neurons degeneration in substantia nigra of middle brain, which causes the motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms of PD. The purpose of this article is to review various theories and current studies about stem cell therapy for PD.
The development of stem cells therapy for PD is quite slow because it has problems related to patient selection, safety, and ethical concerns. So far, there have been no stem cell research for PD publications for phase IV clinical trials according to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . Current researches have only reached phase I-III clinical trials, which some studies are still in the research process and not published yet.
At present, stem cell researchers are still looking for the best method for transplanting stem cells in PD patients. Optimization of stem cell therapy for PD can be done by: 1) choosing the right donor stem cells, 2) inducing and selecting DA neurons appropriately, 3) conducting valid preclinical research, 4) optimizing the host brain environment.
Further studies are needed to answer some crucial questions about the different issues in stem cell therapy. Accordingly, stem cell based therapy for PD also needs more evaluation in both basic and clinical study areas.
ABSTRAK
Terapi sel punca merupakan salah satu terapi potensial untuk penyakit Parkinson dikarenakan keunggulannya dalam menggantikan degenerasi neuron dopamin (DA) di substantia nigra otak tengah yang menyebabkan munculnya gejala motorik dan non-motorik dari penyakit Parkinson. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pustaka berbagai teori dan penelitian terkini tentang terapi sel punca pada penyakit Parkinson.
Pengembangan terapi sel punca untuk penyakit Parkinson cukup terkendala berkaitan dengan masalah pemilihan pasien, keamanan, dan etika. Sejauh ini, belum ada publikasi tentang penelitian sel punca pada penyakit Parkinson yang mencapai tahap IV menurut uji klinis Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Amerika Serikat. Penelitian saat ini baru mencapai tahap I-III, walaupun beberapa penelitian masih dalam berjalan dan belum dipublikasikan.
Saat ini, para peneliti sel punca masih mencari metode terbaik untuk transplantasi sel punca pada pasien penyakit Parkinson. Optimalisasi terapi sel punca pada penyakit Parkinson dapat dilakukan dengan: 1) memilih donor sel punca yang tepat, 2) menginduksi dan memilih neuron DA secara tepat, 3) melakukan uji preklinis yang valid, serta 4) optimalisasi lingkungan otak penerima.
Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan penting terkait berbagai masalah dalam terapi sel punca. Karenanya, terapi berbasis sel punca pada penyakit Parkinson juga membutuhkan evaluasi yang lebih terintegrasi baik pada penelitian dasar maupun klinis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i3.73904
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