Pengaruh clinical pathway terhadap perbaikan luaran klinis pasien stroke iskemik akut di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Nofie Atriawan(1*), Sri Sutarni(2), Paryono Paryono(3)
(1) KSM Saraf, RSUD dr. Soeselo Slawi, Tegal
(2) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Stroke is a neurological syndrome which has the biggest threat causing long-term disability. It is estimated that 25%-74% of 50 million stroke survivors will have physical, cognitive or emotional disorders and need total help for daily activity. However, there are many complex problems that arise in the treatment of strokes in hospitals that result in poor patient outcomes. Clinical pathway (CP) is an evidence-based system which can bridge the application of medical standard service on stroke patients that aim to improve the outcome.
The aims of this study was to determine the effect of clinical pathway implementation in improving the clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients in the Stroke Unit of Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta.
This study used quasi-experimental design that compared the clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients before and after the use of the clinical pathway in the Stroke Unit Sardjito general hospital. The sample of this study was taken with consecutive sampling method from the stroke registry for non-CP group and patients treated in the stroke unit for CP group. The diagnosis of ischemic stroke was obtained from the results of head CT scan and clinical outcome assessed from the calculation of NIHSS in and out of the Stroke Unit. Mann-Whitney analysis conducted to assess the effect of clinical outcome improvement and the use of clinical pathway.
In this study there were 50 acute ischemic stroke patients on each group. Based on gender there were 30 male patients and 20 female in the CP group and 27 male patients and 23 female in the non-CP group. Bivariate analysis showed there was no significant difference in the use of clinical pathway and clinical outcome improvement of acute ischemic stroke patients (p =0.06). However, there was a trend toward better NIHSS improvement in patients treated with clinical pathways. In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant difference in the onset of arrival (p =0.04), whereas no significant difference observed in the application of the clinical pathway (p =0.068). In this study, patients treated with clinical pathways had a trend of better NIHSS improvement, but no significant differences were found.
ABSTRAK
Stroke adalah sindrom neurologi yang merupakan ancaman terbesar menimbulkan kecacatan jangka panjang. Terdapat banyak permasalahan kompleks muncul dalam perawatan stroke di rumah sakit yang berakibat pada buruknya luaran pasien. Clinical pathway (CP) adalah suatu sistem yang berbasis bukti dan dapat menjembatani penerapan standar pelayanan medik dalam pelayanan pasien stroke yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki luaran pasien stroke.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan CP dalam memperbaiki luaran
klinis pasien stroke iskemik akut di Unit Stroke RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kuasi eksperimental yang membandingkan luaran klinis pasien stroke iskemik akut sebelum dan setelah penerapan CP di Unit Stroke RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling dari register stroke untuk kelompok non-CP dan pasien yang dirawat di Unit Stroke untuk kelompok CP. Diagnosis stroke iskemik didapatkan dari hasil CT scan kepala dan luaran klinis dinilai dari perhitungan NIHSS masuk dan keluar Unit Stroke. Dilakukan analisis Mann-Whitney untuk menilai pengaruh perbaikan luaran klinis dan penerapan clinical pathway.
Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 50 pasien stroke iskemik akut pada tiap kelompok. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin terdapat 30 pasien laki-laki dan 20 wanita pada kelompok CP dan 27 pasien laki- laki dan 23 wanita pada kelompok non-CP. Pada analisis bivariat tidak didapatkan perbedaan secara signifikan penerapan CP terhadap luaran klinis pasien stroke iskemik akut (p =0,06), tetapi terdapat kecenderungan perbaikan NIHSS yang lebih baik pada pasien yang dirawat dengan CP. Pada analisis multivariat, didapatkan perbedaan signifikan pada awitan kedatangan (p=0,04) sedangkan pada penerapan CP tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p =0,068). Pada penelitian ini pasien yang dirawat dengan CP memiliki luaran klinis yang lebih baik dibanding tanpa clinical pathway namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i3.73899
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