PENGELOLAAN ADAPTIF PEMANFAATAN BUAH HITAM (Haplolobus monticola Blumea) ETNIS WANDAMEN-PAPUA (Adaptive Management Utilization of Black Fruit (Haplolobus monticola Blumea) Ethnic Wandamen-Papua)
Antoni Ungirwalu(1*), San Afri Awang(2), Ahmad Maryudi(3), Priyono Suryanto(4)
(1) Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju Amban, Manokwari 98314.
(2) Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(3) Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(4) Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281.
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kajian ekologi budaya bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik lingkungan ekologi dan sosial-budaya masyarakat adat etnis Wandamen-Papua dalam mengkonstruksi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam adaptif untuk pemanfaatan buah hitam (Haplolobus monticola Blumea) sebagai salah satu dasar pertimbangan penting bagi penyusunan kebijakan pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan di Papua. Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam adaptif buah hitam dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik sosial budaya etnis Wandamen yang memiliki pola kepemilikan dan penguasaan sumber daya alam (SDA) meliputi: tanah, perairan, dan hutan. Masing-masing dalam lingkungan wilayah adatnya yang bersifat komunal, dibentuk dari pola kekerabatan dengan tipe Iroquois dan diwariskan melalui sistem patrilineal. Struktur sosial etnis Wandamen-Papua bersifat askriptif dalam kemajemukan sosial-budaya (banyak sub-etnis), namun dalam perkembangnnya hanya sub-etnis Wamesa yang memiliki kearifan lokal tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan buah hitam yang dijumpai pada tipologi habitat ekologi, meliputi: hutan alam, hutan sekunder, dan kebun-pekarangan. Konstruksi etnoekologi pemanfaatan SDA buah hitam bagi etnis Wandamen memiliki enam wujud, yaitu sebagai sumberdaya lokal, pengetahuan lokal, nilai lokal, teknologi lokal, mekanisme pengembilan keputusan lokal, serta solidaritas kelompok lokal.
ABSTRACT
Study of cultural ecology aimed to describe the characteristics of the ecological factors and socio-culture of indigenous ethnic of Wandamen-Papua in constructing the adaptive management of natural resources for the use of black fruit (Haplolobus monticola Blumea) that is necessary for policy-making of the sustainable forest management in Papua. Adaptive management of natural resource of black fruits depend mainly on the characteristics of social culture of Wandamen ethnic. The management have a pattern of ownership and control of Natural Resources (NR) i.e.: soil, water, and forests. They are the customary territory on the community that are from the pattern of kinship with the type of Iroquois and passed through the patrilineal system. Social structure of Wandamen-Papua ethnic is ascriptive in the plurality of socio-cultural (micro sub-ethnic). However, only sub-ethnic Wamesa patterns have local knowledge regarding the use of plants black fruits found on the typology of habitat ecology such as natural forest, secondary forest and home garden. The construction of ethno ecology utilization of black fruit as natural resource by Wandamen ethnic can be described in six types namely local resource, local knowledge, local value, local technology, procedure to make decision and solidarity of local community.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18799
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