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RUANG BERMAIN UNTUK ANAK DI KAMPUNG KOTA: STUDI PERSEPSI LINGKUNGAN, SETING, DAN PERILAKUANAK DI KAMPUNG CODE UTARA, YOGYAKARTA (Space for Children in Urban Kampung: Study on the Environmental Perception, Setting, and Behaviour of Urban Children)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18650

Bakti Setiawan(1*)

(1) Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur dan Perencanaan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Seringkali perencanaan dan penataan ruang dilakukan tanpa pemahaman yang benar akan persepsi dan perilaku manusia pengguna ruangnya. Kenyataan yang terjadi adalah penataan ruang yang tidak optimal mengakomodasi kebutuhan dan keinginan penggunanya, serta tidak memfasilitasi proses adaptasi yang dinamik antara perilaku dengan setingnya. Interaksi anak-anak dengan lingkungan alam sangat menentukan pembentukan kematangan pribadi anak di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi, seting, dan perilaku anak-anak kota terhadap sungai dan lingkungannya, dengan kasus di Kampung Code Utara, Yogyakarta. Dalam penelitian dilakukan pemetaan perilaku, pemetaan mental, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara dengan 24 anak di area penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak di area penelitian mempunyai persepsi yang positip terhadap sungai sebagai elemen penting lingkungan perumahan mereka. Meskipun demikian, kondisi sungai dan penataan ruang di sekitar sungaijustru kurang memfasilitasi persepsi dan perilaku yang positip ini. Penataan ruang yang terjadi justru membatasi interaksi anak dengan sungai, sehingga mereka kehilangan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan kognisi positipnya terhadap lingkungan dan alam sekitar. Penelitian ini menyarankan pentingya perencana kota menghadirkan ruang-ruang yang memungkinkan anak-anak perkotaan melakukan interaksi yang dinamik dengan lingkungan alam.

 

ABSTRACT

Frequently, spatial planning and developments were done without a clear understanding about the perception and behavior of the inhabitants. The result is spatial arrangements which are not optimally accommodated the need and preference of the inhabitants. Further, such spatial arrangements do not facilitate inhabitants to dynamically adapt their behavior to the setting. Interaction with nature is crucial for children to develop their personal attitude in the future. The research aims to understand the perception, setting and behavior of urban children toward the river and its surrounding. The case study is Code Utara kampong in Yogyakarta. The research employed naturalistic approach and utilized behavioural mapping, mental mapping, field observation, and interviews with children in the area. The research founds that children in the area have a positive perception and behavior toward the river. They saw the river as important natural elements which should be preserved. However, the condition of the river and the spatial planning of the area has not facilitated such positive perception. The existing spatial arrangement even limits children interactions with the river and therefore they lost their opportunities to develop their positive cognitive mental map related to natural environment. The research suggests that it is very important for urban planner to provide space in the city that enable urban children to experience dynamic interaction with nature





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18650

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