HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DAN DAMPAK KESEHATAN: STUDI KASUS DI DATARAN TINGGI SUMATRA BARAT (The Relationship Between Pesticides Use and Health Impact: A Case Study in Highlands of West Sumatera)
Enny S. Pawukir(1*), Joko Mariyono(2)
(1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Jember
(2) Yayasan Bahtera Indonesia, YogYakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pestisida merupakan agensia beracun, sehingga berpotensi untuk menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan. Kasus keracunan pestisida di negara berkembang sangat tinggi tetapi tingkat penggunaan pestisida yang tinggi justru di negara maju. Tujuan kajian ini adalah menilai korelasi antara penggunaan petisida dan dampakrya terhadap kesehatan. Kajian ini dilakukan di dataran tinggi Sumatra Barat tempat para petani menggunakan pestisida dalam jumlah yang banyak. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode regresi berganda. Hasil kajianr ini menunjukkan bahwa daya racun pestisida, jumlah pestisida, dan tingkat pemajanan pestisida secara signifikan menimbulkan dampak kesehatan. Hal ini didukung oleh kenyataan bahwa petani masih menggunakan pestisida yang sangat berbahaya dan perilaku penyemprotan yang berisiko tinggi terhadap terjadinya keracunan. Kajian ini menjawab pertanyaan: mengapa kasus keracunan di negara-negara berkembang sangat tinggi sementara penggunaan pestisida yang tinggi terjadi di negara-negara maju.
ABSTRACT
Pesticide is a poisonous agent, so which has adverse impacts on human health. The number of cases of pesticide poisoning is highly occurred in developing countrieseven though the high level of pesticide use is in developed countries. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between pesticide use and its adverse health impacts among farmers who used the pesticides, and to identify the major cause of health impact. The study was conducted in highlands of West Sumatra where the farmers used pesticides in high volume. Analyses were carried out by employing multiregression and descriptive methods. The study indicates that toxicity, volume and exposure level of pesticides have caused significant negative impacts on the health of the farmers. It is supported by evidence is that the farmers used highly poisonous chemicals with risky behavior of spraying practices. The pesticides furthermore, exposed substantially to farmers in high volume. This study, therefore, is able to address the question i.e. why the case of poisoning in developing countries is high mean while the high level of pesticides use is in developed countries.
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ARTIKEL LENGKAP (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18595
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