* Corresponding Author
KEBERADAAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DI KAWASAN TAILING TAMBANG EMAS TIMIKA SEBAGAI UPAYA REHABILITASI LAHAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (The Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Tailings of Mining Gold Timika as An Attempt of Environmentally Friendly)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18556 Suharno Suharno(1*), Retno Peni Sancayaningsih(2), Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto(3), Rina Sri Kasiamdari(4)
(1) Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Cenderawasih, Jl. Kamp. Wolker, Uncen–Waena Jayapura. Kode Pos 99351
(2) Laboratorium Ekologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta
(3) Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta
(4) Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Biologi,Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) berperan penting dalam menunjang rehabilitasi lahan terdegradasi, termasuk lahan tailing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan FMA lokal di lahan tailing tambang emas Timika – Papua, Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan mengisolasi FMA dari rhizosfer beberapa jenis tumbuhan dominan di kawasan daerah pengendapan pasir sisa tambang. Pengecatan akar untuk melihat infeksi oleh FMA dilakukan dengan trypane blue, sedangkan perhitungan persen infeksinya dilakukan dengan metode slide. Keberadaan spora FMA dilakukan dengan metode wet sieving. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat FMA di lahan tailing di kawasan pengendapan Modified Ajkwa Deposition Area (ModADA). Persentase infeksi tertinggi (>50%) diketahui pada jenis tumbuhan Ficus adenosperma (86,7%), Brachiaria sp (73,3%), Amomum sp (66,7%), Bidens pilosa (63,3%), dan Musaenda frondosa (56,7%), sedangkan beberapa jenis lain mempunyai persen infeksi yang lebih rendah. Jumlah spora pada rhizosfer tumbuhan Brachiaria sp., F. adenosperma, dan Amomum sp., merupakan yang tertinggi dibanding dengan tumbuhan lain yakni 17, 13, dan 11 spora per 10 g tanah.
ABSTRACT
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) has an important role in supporting the rehabilitation of degraded land such as tailings. The purpose of this research was to reveal the existence of indigenous AMF in tailing area of gold mine in Timika – Papua, Indonesia. The method was a survey by isolating some types of AMF from rhizosphere of dominant plant in the deposit area of mine sand residue. To define the AMF infected roots was conducted painting roots using trypane blue, where as the calculation of percent infection was carried out using slide methods. The presence of spores of AMF was done by wet sieving method. The results showed that AMF was found in tailings deposition on the Modified Ajkwa Deposition Area (ModADA). The highest percentage infections (>50%) was found under Ficus adenosperma (86.7%), Brachiaria sp (73,3%), Amomum sp (66,7%), Bidens pilosa (63,3%), and Musaenda frondosa (56,7%) rhizospheres, where as some other types of AMF have a lower infection percentage. The highest number of spores was found in rhizosphere of Brachiaria sp., F. adenosperma, and Amomum sp. which are 17, 13, and 11 spores per 10 g of soil respectively.
Keywords
Full Text:
Artikel lengkap (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Al-Yahya’ei, M.N., Oehl, F., Vallino, M., Lumini, E., Redecker, D., Wiemken, A., dan Bonfante, P. 2011. Unique Rbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Uncovered in Date Palm Plantations and Surrounding Desert Habitats of Southern Arabia. Mycorrhiza. 21:195–209.
Anonim., 2007. Laporan Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan. Triwulan I, Tahun 2007. PT. Freeport Indonesia. Jakarta.
Beena, K.R., Arun, A.B., Raviraja, N.S., dan Sridhar, K.R., 2001. Association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi With Plants of Coastal Sand Dunes of West Coast of India. Tropical Ecology. 42(2):213–222.
Brundrett, M. 1991. Mycorrhizas in Natural Ecosystem. Advances in Ecological Research. 21:171–313.
Brundrett, M.C., Piche, Y., dan Peterson, R.L., 1984. A New Method for Observing the Morphology of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. Can. J. Bot. 62:2128–2134.
Cuenca, G., dan Lovera, M., 2010. Seasonal Variation and Distribution at Different Soil Depths of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Spores in A Tropical Sclerophyllous Shrubland. Botany. 88:54–64.
Dodd, J.C. 2000. The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agro-and Natural Ecosystems. Agriculture. 29(1):63–70.
Dodd, J.C., Clapp, J.P., dan Zhao, B., 2001. Fungi Arbuskular Mikoriza Terhadap Sistem Produktivitas Tumbuhan: Deteksi, Taksonomi, Konservasi dan Ekofisiologi. Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University. China.
Galii, U., Meier, M., dan Brunold, C., 1993. Effect of Cadmium On Non-Mycorrhizal And Mycorrhizal Fungus (Laccasaria laccata Scop.Ex.Fr) Bk and Br.: Sulphate Reduction, Thiols and Distribution of The Heavy Metal. New Phytol. 125:837–843.
Garg, N dan Chandel, S., 2010. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Networks: Process and Function. A Review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30:581–599.
Giovannetti, M., dan Mosse, B., 1980. An Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Vesicular-Arbuscular Infection in Roots. New Phytol. 84:489–500.
Herman, D.Z. 2006. Tinjauan Terhadap Tailing Mengadung Unsur Pencemar Arsen (As), Merkuri (Hg), Timbal (Pb), dan Kadmium (Cd) dari Sisa Pengolahan Bijih Logam. J. Geologi Indonesia. 1(1):31–36.
Ijdo, M., Cranenbrouck, S., dan Declerck, S., 2011. Methods for Large-Scale Production of AM Fungi: Past, Present, and Future. Mycorrhiza. 21:1–16.
Khan, A.G., 2005. Role of Soil Microbes in Rizhospheres of Plants Growing on Trace Metal Contaminated Soils in Phytoremediation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 18:355–364.
Khan, A.G., 2006. Mycorhizoremediation–An Enhanced Form of Phytoremediation. J Zhejiang Univ Science B. 7(7):503–514.
Prasetyo, B., Krisnayanti, B.D., Utomo, W.H., dan Anderson, C.W.N., 2010. Rehabilitation of Artisanal Mining Gold Land in West Lombok, Indonesia. 2. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Status of Tailings and Surrounding Soils. J. Agric. Sci. 2(2):202–209.
Puradyatmika, P., dan Prewitt, J.M., 2012. Tailings Reclamation Trials at PT. Freeport Indonesia in Mimika, Papua, Indonesia. Proceeding of the Sevent International Conference on Mine Closure. Brisbane, 25–27 September 2012.
Quoreshi, A.M., 2008. The use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in restoration of disturbed ecosystem. In: Siddigui, Z.A., Akhtar, M.S., dan Futai, K. (Eds)., 2008. Mycorrhiza: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry. Springer, Science+Business Media B.V. pp: 303–320.
Reddy, S.R., Pindi, P.K., dan Reddy, S.M., 2005. Molecular Methods for Research on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in India: Problems and Prospects. Current Science. 89(10):1699–1709.
Redecker, D., dan Raab, P., 2006. Phylogeny of the Glomeromycota (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): Recent Developments and New Gene Markers. Mycologia. 98(6):885–895.
Setiadi, Y., 2012. Mengenal Fungsi Mikoriza Sebagai Penyokong Kehidupan Tanaman Pada Lahan-Lahan Marginal. Post Mining Restoration Technical Notes, IUC IPB. Pelatihan Mikoriza. Bogor, 27–29 Juni 2012.
Setiadi, Y., dan Setiawan, A., 2011. Studi Status Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Di Areal Rehabilitasi Pasca Penambangan Nikel (Studi Kasus PT. INCO Tbk. Sorowako, Sulawesi Selatan). Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika. 3(1):88–95.
Smith, S.E., dan Read, D., 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Third Edition. Academic Press, Elsevier. New York.
Suharno dan Sancayaningsih, R.P., 2013. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula: Potensi Teknologi Mikorizoremediasi Logam Berat Dalam Rehabilitasi Lahan Tambang. Bioteknologi. 10(1):31–42.
Suharno dan Santosa, 2005. Pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yang diinokulasi jamur mikoriza, legin dan penambahan seresah daun matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst) pada tanah berkapur. Sains dan Sibernatika. 18(3):367–378.
Susintowati dan Hadisusanto, S., 2014. Bioakumulasi Merkuri dan Struktur Hepatopankreas pada Terebralia sulcata dan Nerita argus (Moluska: Gastropoda) di Kawasan Bekas Penggelondongan Emas, Muara Sungai Lampon, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. J. Manusia dan Lingkungan. 21(1):34–40.
Tae, M.-S., Eom, A.-H., dan Lee, S.S., 2002. Sequence Analyses of PCR Amplified Partial SSU of Ribosomal DNA for Identifying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Plant Roots. Mycrobiology. 30(1):13–17.
Tawaraya, K., Takaya, Y., Turjaman, M., Tuah, S.J., Limin, S.H., Tamai, Y., Cha, J.Y., Wagatsuma, T., dan Osaki, M., 2003. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization of Tree Species Grown in Peat Swamp Forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management. 182:381–386.
Upadhyaya, H., Panda, S.K., Bhattacharjee, M.K., dan Dutta, S., 2010. Role Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Prospect for Phytoremediation. Journal of Phytology. 2(7):16–27.
Utobo, E.B., Ogbodo, E.N., dan Nwogboga, A.C., 2011. Techniques for Extraction and Quantification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Libyan Agric. Res. Cen. J. Intl. 2(2):68–78.
Vierheilig, H., Schweiger, P., dan Brundrett, M., 2005. An Overview of Methods for the Detection and Observation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots. Physiologia Plantarum. 125:393–404.
Young, J.P.W., 2012. A Molecular Guide to the Taxonomy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. New Phytologist. 193:823–826.
Zhang, T., Tian, C.Y., Sun, Y., Bai, D.S., dan Feng, G., 2012. Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Desert Ephemeral Plants in Gurbantunggut Desert. Journal of arid Land. 4(1): 43–51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18556
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 7826
| 
views : 6701
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
JML Indexed by:
