* Corresponding Author
MIGRASI DAN INVOLUSI DI KOTA SEMARANG (Migration and Involution in Semarang City)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18519 Saratri Wilonoyudho(1*)
(1) Jurusan Teknik Sipil Universitas Negeri Semarang Gedung E Lantai 2 Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Migrasi masuk ke Kota Semarang telah membawa akibat samping berupa terjadinya involusi perkotaan yakni ketidakseimbangan antara migrasi masuk para pekerja tidak terampil dan pertumbuhan ekonomi kotanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mempelajari dinamika migrasi masuk dan involusi perkotaan di Kota Semarang, menjelaskan dan mengidentifikasi determinan dan kaitan migrasi masuk dan involusi perkotaan, dan menjelaskan dan mengidentifikasi kaitan migrasi dan dampaknya. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data dari BPS (Biro Pusat Statistik), wawancara, Focus Group Discussion dan observasi lapangan. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa di kota Semarang mengalami peningkatan yang pesat jumlah sektor informal dan pekerja tidak terampil lainnya. Di wilayah sekitar Kota Semarang telah terjadi kecenderungan urbanisasi dengan pola menyebar yang ditandai pertumbuhan penduduk perkotaan yang tinggi. Determinan utama migrasi masuk ke Kota Semarang adalah gabungan simultan antara tekanan perdesaan dan daya tarik kota yang dipandang selalu dapat menyediakan lapangan kerja. Dampak migrasi di Kota Semarang adalah involusi perkotaan dan degradasi lingkungan. Saran yang disampaikan adalah daerah di sekitar Kota Semarang perlu mengusahakan keterkaitan antara lokalitas dengan sistem produksi dan ekonomi global di wilayah tersebut untuk menyejahterakan penduduk dan mencegah arus migrasi ke Semarang dan kota-kota besar.
ABSTRACT
The migration to Semarang City has resulted in the bad impact of city involution, that is, the imbalance between the migration of underemployment/unskilled labor and the city economic growth. The objectives of this research are to explain and to examine the dynamics of migration and city involution process in Semarang City, to identify and explain determinants of migration and city involution in Semarang City, and to identify and explain migration and its impact. The data of the research were collected from the data of BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics), in depth interview, Focus Group Discussion, and observation. The results of research show that in Semarang city, there is a sharp increase of informal sector economic activities and unskilled labors. Urbanization tends to occur with a spreading pattern characterized by the high rate of population in urban areas in regencies surrounding Semarang. The main determinants of migration consist of rural pressure and pull factor from Semarang City. The impact of the migration in Semarang is the city involution and environment degradation. It is suggested that the regencies in the hinterland need to manage the relationship between locality and production system and global economy, to improve the peoples’ welfare and to prevent people from migrating to Semarang and other big cities.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18519
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