Cover Image

BIOAKUMULASI MERKURI DAN STRUKTUR HEPATOPANKREAS PADA TEREBRALIA SULCATA DAN NERITA ARGUS (MOLUSKA: GASTROPODA) DI KAWASAN BEKAS PENGGELONDONGAN EMAS, MUARA SUNGAI LAMPON, BANYUWANGI, JAWA TIMUR(Bioaccumulation of mercury and the hepatopancreas structure)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18509

Susintowati Susintowati(1*), Suwarno Hadisusanto(2)

(1) FKIP, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jl. Laksda Adi Sucipto 26 Banyuwangi
(2) Laboratorium Ekologi Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Amalgamasi pada proses penggelondongan emas tradisional di muara sungai Lampon menggunakan Merkuri (Hg). Limbah dibuang langsung ke muara dan lingkungan sekitar. Walaupun aktivitas penggelondongan emas telah dihentikan, efek cemar Merkuri terhadap lingkungan termasuk biota terus berlangsung. Bioakumulasi Merkuri dapat ditelusuri menggunakan bioindikator anggota Gastropoda. Penelusuran bioakumulasi Merkuri menggunakan spesimen Terebralia sulcata yang hidup di hutan mangrove sekitar lokasi penggelondongan, dan Nerita argus yang hidup di muara pantai. Analisis Merkuri berdasar metode SNI 06-6992.2-2004 menggunakan perangkat Mercury Analyzer. Hepatopankreas sebagai organ detoksifikasi Merkuri digunakan sebagai parameter patologis. Hepatopankreas masing-masing spesimen dipreparasi dengan metode parafin, diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin Ehrlich’s-Eosin untuk pengamatan struktur mikroskopis. Bioakumulasi Merkuri dalam tubuh T. sulcata hingga 3,10 ppm, sedangkan dalam tubuh N. argus hingga 3,03 ppm. Tampak banyak vesikula residu diduga berisi inklusi pemadatan elektron dan metalotionin sebagai dampak detoksifikasi ion logam Merkuri dalam hepatopankreas. Tubulus hepatopankreas N. argus mengalami disintegrasi dan atropi cukup parah. Walaupun tambang emas di Lampon berskala kecil dan telah ditutup, efek patologis pencemaran Merkuri terhadap biota terutama Gastropoda sangat signifikan.

 

ABSTRACT

Traditional gold mining at Lampon Banyuwangi district was used mercury amalgamation. Tailings are discharged to waters, that caused mercury pollution. Mercury accumulation can be trace in sediments and benthic organisms such as Gastropods. Although the gold mining has been ceased, the impact of mercury pollution can be traced. The purposes of this study are to know the mercury accumulation in sediments, to know mercury bioaccumulation in the soft body of Gastropod bioindicators, to know mercury pathological effect in hepatopancreas. Terebralia sulcata and Nerita argus are Gastropods that as mercury bioindicators in this research. Study site administratively located at Banyuwangi district, East Java. Mercury analysis using SNI 06.6992.2-2004 methods that reads by Mercury Analyzer at LPPT UGM Yogyakarta. Hepatopancreas structure of Terebralia sulcata and Nerita argus were preparating with paraffin method and Hematoxilin Ehrlich’s-Eosin staining method. Accumulation of mercury in the tailings about 137,54 ppm, in site I sediment 0,45 ppm, in site II sediment 65,52 ppm, in site III sediment 1,17 ppm and in the tailing piles remaining after the mining ceased about 634,19 ppm. Bioaccumulation in Terebralia sulcata 3,10 ppm, Nerita argus about 3,03 ppm. The values of mercury accumulation are very high at all. Residual vesicles are found in hepatopancreas structure of Terebralia sulcata. The residual vesicles are the sign of mercury detoxification proccess. Vesicles are thought to contain inclutions of residual electrons and methallothionine compaction as a result of mercury ions detoxification by hepatopancreas cells. The hepatopancreatic tubulus of Nerita argus have disintegration and severe atrophy. The gold mining at Lampon is the small gold mining and has been ceased but the pathological effects of mercury pollution on aquatic organisms, especially Gastropods is very significant.   


Keywords


merkuri; tambang emas; bioakumulasi; hepatopankreas; struktur patologis; mercury; gold mines; bioaccumulation; hepatopancreas; pathological structure



References

Anonimus, 2009. Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan. SNI 7387:2009. ICS 67.220.20. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Jakarta. Blackwood, G.M., dan Edinger, E.N., 2007. Mineraloy and Trace Element relative solubility patterns of shallow marine sediments affected by submarine tailings disposal and artisanal gold mining, Buyat-Ratatotok district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Environ Geol. 52:803-818. Böer, M., Graeve, M., dan Kattner, G., 2006. Exeptional Long-term Starvation Ability and Sites of Lipid Storage of the Arctic Pteropod Clione limacina. Polar Biology. 30(5):571-580. Burghardt, I., dan Wägele, H., 2004. A New Solar Powered Science of the Genus Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 ( Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidae) from Indonesia with Analysis of Its Photosynthetic Activity and Notes on Biology. Zootaxa.596:1-8. Callil, C.T., dan Junk, W.J., 2001. Aquatic Gastropods as Mercury Indicators in the Pantanal of Pocone Region (Mato Grosso, Brasil). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 319:319-330. Darmono, 2008. Lingkungan Hidup dan Pencemaran, Hubungannya dengan Toksikologi Senyawa Logam. UI-Press. Jakarta. Devlin, E.W., 2006. Acute Toxicity, Uptake and Histopathology of Aquous Methyl Mercury to Fathead Minnow Embryos. Ecotoxicology. 15:97-110. Edinger, E.N., Raja Siregar, P., dan Blackwood, G.M., 2007. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallow Marine Sediments Affected by Submarine Tailings Disposal and Artisanal Gold Mining, Buyat-Ratatotok District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Environ. Geol. 52:701-714. Eisler, R., 1987. Mercury Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates. A Synoptic Review. Biologycal Report: 85(1):10. Heath, A.G., 1987. Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton. Florida. Herman, D.Z., 2006. Tinjauan terhadap Tailing mengandung Unsur Pencemar Arsen (As), Merkuri (Hg), Timbal (Pb), dan Kadmium (Cd) dari Sisa Pengolahan Bijih Logam. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, 1(1):31-36. Hopkin, S.P., dan Martin, M.H., 1985. Assimilation of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Iron by the Spider Dysdera crocata, a Predator of Woodlice. Bull. Environ. Contamin. & Toxicol.. 34:183-187. Kim, Y., Powell, E.N., dan Ashton-Alcox, K.A., 2006. Histopathology Analysis. Rutgers University. Port Norris. NJ 08349. Lasut, L.T., Yasuda, Y., Edinger, E.N., dan Pangemanan, J.M., 2010. Distribution and Accumulation of Mercury Derived from Gold Mining in Marine Environment and Its Impact on Residents of Buyat Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 208:153-164. Liang, Y., 2007. Field Assessement of Sediment Toxicities Within a Subtropical Estuarine Wetland in Hongkong, Using a Local Gastropods (Sermyla tornatella). Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 78:494-498. Manisseri, M.K., dan Menon, N.R., 2006. Ultrastructural Aberrasion in the Hepatopancreas of Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers) Exposed to Mercury. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India. 48(1): 89-94. Newman, M.N., 1995. Quantitative Methods in Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Advances in Trace Substance Research. Lewis Publisher. Boca Raton. Palar, H., 2008. Pencemaran dan toksikologi logam berat. Penerbit Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. Setiabudi, B.T., 2005. Penyebaran Merkuri Akibat Usaha Pertambangan Emas di Daerah Sangon Kabupaten Kulon Progo DI Yogyakarta. Kolokium Hasil Lapangan-DIM:1-17. Wells, F.E., dan Lalli, C.M., 2003. Aspects of the Ecology of the Mud-whelks Terebralia pallustris and T. Smistriata in Northwerstern Australia. The Marine Flora dan Fauna of Dampier. Western Australia Museum. Wolf, H.D., Ulomi, S.A., Backeljau, T., Pratab, H.B., dan Blust, R., 2001. Heavy Metal Levels in The Sediments of Four Dar es Salaam Mangroves Accumulation in, and Effect on the Morphology of Periwinkle, Littoraria scabra (Mollusca: Gasrtopoda). Environ. Int.. 26:243-249.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18509

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4362 | views : 3473

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan



JML Indexed by:

  

Web
Analytics View My Stats