An Interesting Final-Year Undergraduate Laboratory Project: Investigation of Gypsum Scale Formation on Piping Surfaces
S. Muryanto(1*), H M Ang(2)
(1) Department of Chemical Engineering, UNTAG Semarang Jalan Pawiyatan Luhur, Semarang 50233 INDONESIA
(2) Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845 W A, AUSTRALIA
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The formation of scales in pipes and on the surfaces of vessels is one of the major problems encountered by the mineral processing industry in Australia and elsewhere. A cursory study revealed that one of the main components of the scales was gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate. This paper discusses a typical undergraduate laboratory project to investigate the formation of calcium sulfate dihydrate scale on the surfaces of different types of pipes under isothermal conditions. This laboratory exercise is essentially a crystallization process and is suggested as one of the topics for final-year chemical engineering undergraduate project since it is a very important unit operation in the chemical, mineral, or pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Calcium sulfate dihydrate, laboratory project, scale formation, and undergraduate curriculum..
Keywords
Calcium sulfate dihydrate, laboratory project, scale formation, and undergraduate curriculum,
Full Text:
Full TextReferences
- Amjad, Z. (1985). "Applications of antiscalants to control calcium sulfate scaling in reverse osmosis systems," Desalination, 54, 263-276,
- Andritsos, N., and Karabelas, A. J. (1992). "Crystallization fouling: The effect of flow velocity on the deposition rate," Eurotherm Seminar No. 23, Grenoble, France, 8-9 April 1992.
- Cowan, J. C., and Weintritt, D.J. (1976). Water formed scale deposits, Gulf Publishing, Houston,
- TX Gazit, E., and Hasson, D. (1975). "Scale deposition from an evaporating falling film," Desalination, 17, 339-351.
- Hasson, D. (1981). "Precipitation fouling," Fouling of heat transfer equipment, E. F. C. Somerscales and J. G. Knudsen, eds., Hemisphere, New York. 527-568.
- Hasson, D. et al. (1996). "Influence of the flow system on the inhibitory action of Caco, scale prevention additives," Desalination, 108, 67-79.
- Heald, C. and Smith, A.C.K. (1974). "Applied Physical Chemistry," The MacMillan Press, London.
- Linnikov, O.D. (1999). "Investigation of the initial period of sulphate scale formation. Part 1. Kinetics and mechanism of calcium sulphate surface nucleation at its crystallization on a heat-exchange surface,” Desalination, 122, 1-14.
- Miller, FIRST INITIAL? et al. (1998). "Higher order thinking in the unit operations laboratory," Chemical Engineering Education, Spring, 146-151.
- Northwood, T. (1995). "Scale reduction in process water pipes at Murchison Zinc," Final Year Undergraduate Project, Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia.
- Sheikholeslami, R. (2000). "Calcium sulfate fouling-Precipitation or particulate: A proposed composite model," Heat Transfer Engineering, 21, 24–33.
- Taylor, J. R. (1997). An introduction to error analysis. The study of uncertainties in physical measurements, 2nd ed., University Science Books, Sausalito, CA.
- Wankat, P. C., and Oreovicz, F. S. (1993). Teaching engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50179
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1757 | views : 1105Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.